Effect of solid particle loading on nucleophilic addition of epoxy-resin to isophorone diisocyanate--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Zhang, W., Blackburn, R. S., & Dehghani-Sanij, A. A. (2008). Effect of solid particle loading on nucleophilic addition of epoxy-resin to isophorone diisocyanate. Selected papers from 1st UK-China Particle Technology Forum, 6(1), 24–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpart.2007.10.005

Effect of solid particle loading on nucleophilic addition of epoxy-resin to isophorone diisocyanate

Wei Zhang ^{a b *}, Richard S. Blackburn^a, Abbas A. Dehghani-Sanij ^b

a Green Chemistry Group, Centre for Technical Textiles, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
b School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK

10.1016/j.cpart.2007.10.005

Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2008, Pages 24-29

Received 31 May 2007, Accepted 9 October 2007, Available online 7 March 2008.

E-mail: texwzh@leeds.ac.uk

Highlights

Abstract

This paper aims to quantitatively assess the application of kinetic–frictional model to simulate the motion of dry granular materials in dense condition, in particular, the annular shearing in Couette configuration. The weight of frictional stress was varied to study the contribution of the frictional stress in dense granular flows. The results show that the pure kinetic-theory-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model (without frictional stress) over-predicts the dominant solids motion of dense granular flow while adding frictional stress [Schaeffer, D. G. (1987). Instability in the evolution equations describing incompressible granular flow. Journal of Differential Equations, 66(1), 19–50] with the solids pressure of [Lun, C. K. K., Savage, S. B., Jeffrey, D. J., & Chepurniy, N. (1984). Kinetic theories for granular flow: Inelastic particles in Couette flow and slightly inelastic particles in a general flow field. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 140, 223–256] in the CFD model improves the simulation to better conform available experimental results. The results also suggest that frictional stress transmission plays an important role in dense granular flow and should not be neglected in granular flow simulations. Compatible simulation results to the experimental data are seen by increasing the weight of frictional stress to a factor of 1.25–1.5. These improved simulation results suggest the current constitutive relations (kinetic–frictional model) need to be improved in order to better reflect the real dense granular flow.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Particle loading; Cracks; Nucleophilic Addition; FT-IR

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