Sol–gel derived nanocrystalline and mesoporous barium strontium titanate prepared at room temperature--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Mohammadi, M. R., & Fray, D. J. (2011). Sol–gel derived nanocrystalline and mesoporous barium strontium titanate prepared at room temperature. Particuology, 9(3), 235–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2010.08.012

Sol–gel derived nanocrystalline and mesoporous barium strontium titanate prepared at room temperature

Mohammad Reza Mohammadi ^a *, Derek J. Fray ^b

a Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Street, Tehran, Iran
b Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK

10.1016/j.partic.2010.08.012

Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2011, Pages 235-242

Received 17 July 2010, Revised 23 August 2010, Accepted 31 August 2010, Available online 22 March 2011.

E-mail: mrm41@cam.ac.uk; mohammadi@sharif.edu

Highlights

Abstract

Perovskite-type barium strontium titanate (BST) thin films and powders with nanocrystalline and mesoporous structure were prepared by a straightforward particulate sol–gel route at room temperature. The prepared sol had a narrow particle size distribution of about 20 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that phase composition and preferable orientation growth of BST depended upon the annealing temperature. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images showed that the crystallite size of the powders decreased with increasing annealing temperature from 8 nm at 25 °C down to 5 nm at 800 °C. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) analysis and atomic force microscope (AFM) images revealed that BST thin films had mesoporous and nanocrystalline structure with average grain size of 30 nm at 600 °C. Based on Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, the synthesized BST showed mesoporous structure containing pores with needle and plate shapes and BET surface area in the range of 49–32 m2/g at 500–800 °C.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Barium strontium titanate; Room temperature; Sol–gel chemistry; Nanostructure

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