PM2.5 in an industrial district of Zhengzhou, China: Chemical composition and source apportionment--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Geng, N., Wang, J., Xu, Y., Zhang, W., Chen, C., & Zhang, R. (2013). PM2.5 in an industrial district of Zhengzhou, China: Chemical composition and source apportionment. Particuology, 11(1), 99–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2012.08.004

PM_2.5 in an industrial district of Zhengzhou, China: Chemical composition and source apportionment

Ningbo Geng ^a, Jia Wang ^a, Yifei Xu ^a, Wending Zhang ^a, Chun Chen ^b, Ruiqin Zhang ^a *

a Research Institute of Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
b Henan Environmental Monitoring Center, Zhengzhou 450004, Henan, China

10.1016/j.partic.2012.08.004

Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2013, Pages 99-109

Received 17 December 2011, Revised 23 July 2012, Accepted 22 August 2012, Available online 3 January 2013.

E-mail: rqzhang@zzu.edu.cn; hjkx@zzu.edu.cn

Highlights

► Annual average PM_2.5 level in Zhengzhou was 175 μg/m³, higher than accepted standard.

► The major sources of PM_2.5 were soil dust, secondary aerosol and coal combustion.

► Three main sources contributed respectively 26, 24 and 23% of total PM_2.5 mass.

Abstract

Zhengzhou is a developing city in China, that is heavily polluted by high levels of particulate matter. In this study, fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) was collected and analyzed for their chemical composition (soluble ions, elements, elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC)) in an industrial district of Zhengzhou in 2010. The average concentrations of PM_2.5 were 181, 122, 186 and 211 μg/m³ for spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively, with an annual average of 175 μg/m³, far exceeding the PM_2.5 regulation of USA National Air Quality Standards (15 μg/m³). The dominant components of PM_2.5 in Zhengzhou were secondary ions (sulphate and nitrate) and carbon fractions. Soluble ions, total carbon and elements contributed 41%, 13% and 3% of PM_2.5 mass, respectively. Soil dust, secondary aerosol and coal combustion, each contributing about 26%, 24% and 23% of total PM_2.5 mass, were the major sources of PM_2.5, according to the result of positive matrix factorization analysis. A mixed source of biomass burning, oil combustion and incineration contributed 13% of PM_2.5. Fine particulate matter arising from vehicles and industry contributed about 10% and 4% of PM_2.5, respectively.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

PM_2.5; Component; Seasonal variation; PMF; Source apportionment

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