- Volumes 84-95 (2024)
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Volumes 72-83 (2023)
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Volume 83
Pages 1-258 (December 2023)
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Volume 82
Pages 1-204 (November 2023)
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Volume 81
Pages 1-188 (October 2023)
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Volume 80
Pages 1-202 (September 2023)
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Volume 79
Pages 1-172 (August 2023)
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Volume 78
Pages 1-146 (July 2023)
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Volume 77
Pages 1-152 (June 2023)
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Volume 76
Pages 1-176 (May 2023)
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Volume 75
Pages 1-228 (April 2023)
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Volume 74
Pages 1-200 (March 2023)
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Volume 73
Pages 1-138 (February 2023)
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Volume 72
Pages 1-144 (January 2023)
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Volume 83
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Volumes 60-71 (2022)
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Volume 71
Pages 1-108 (December 2022)
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Volume 70
Pages 1-106 (November 2022)
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Volume 69
Pages 1-122 (October 2022)
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Volume 68
Pages 1-124 (September 2022)
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Volume 67
Pages 1-102 (August 2022)
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Volume 66
Pages 1-112 (July 2022)
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Volume 65
Pages 1-138 (June 2022)
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Volume 64
Pages 1-186 (May 2022)
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Volume 63
Pages 1-124 (April 2022)
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Volume 62
Pages 1-104 (March 2022)
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Volume 61
Pages 1-120 (February 2022)
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Volume 60
Pages 1-124 (January 2022)
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Volume 71
- Volumes 54-59 (2021)
- Volumes 48-53 (2020)
- Volumes 42-47 (2019)
- Volumes 36-41 (2018)
- Volumes 30-35 (2017)
- Volumes 24-29 (2016)
- Volumes 18-23 (2015)
- Volumes 12-17 (2014)
- Volume 11 (2013)
- Volume 10 (2012)
- Volume 9 (2011)
- Volume 8 (2010)
- Volume 7 (2009)
- Volume 6 (2008)
- Volume 5 (2007)
- Volume 4 (2006)
- Volume 3 (2005)
- Volume 2 (2004)
- Volume 1 (2003)
Chemical composition and source apportionment of the ambient PM2.5 in Hangzhou, China
• PM2.5 pollution was investigated in Hangzhou, China during April 2004 to March 2005.
• Water-soluble ions, metal elements, and total carbon in PM2.5 were determined.
• Temporal and spatial distributions for PM2.5 and its components were studied.
• Emission sources of PM2.5 in the central area were identified using positive matrix factorization.
To identify and apportion the sources of the ambient PM2.5 in the urban area of Hangzhou, China, PM2.5 samples were collected at three sites in the city from April 2004 to March 2005. Water-soluble ions, metal elements, and total carbon (TC) in PM2.5 samples were analyzed. The results indicated that the 24-h mean concentrations of PM2.5 ranged from 17.1 to 267.0 μg/m3, with an annual average value of 108.2 μg/m3. Moreover, the seasonal mean values for PM2.5 in spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 116, 73.1, 114.2, and 136.0 μg/m3, respectively. According to the Chinese ambient quality standard, at least 70% of the monitoring data exceeded the limit value. The total contribution of water-soluble ions, including F−, Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, NH4+, K+, and Na+, to PM2.5 mass varied from 32.3% to 36.7%. SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ were the main constituents of the ions, with contributions to PM2.5 varying from 14.1% to 14.7%, 6.0% to 7.8%, and 6.4% to 7.7%, respectively. In addition, the annual mean mass fraction of TC in PM2.5 was 27.8%. The annual average total contribution of the group of elements of Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni, Se, Mo, Cd, Sb, and Ag to the aerosol was in the range of 1.7–2.0%. Furthermore, positive matrix factorization was applied to analyze the PM2.5 data collected from the central area, and five factors were identified. The factor contributions to PM2.5 mass were 12.8%, 31.9%, 10.1%, 17.2%, and 27.9%, respectively. Iron/steel manufacturing and secondary aerosol were the main sources for the fine particles. These findings may have significance for controlling the atmospheric contamination in the city.