Chemical composition and source apportionment of PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 in Trombay (Mumbai, India), a coastal industrial area--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Police, S., Sahu, S. K., Tiwari, M., & Pandit, G. G. (2018). Chemical composition and source apportionment of PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 in Trombay (Mumbai, India), a coastal industrial area. Particuology, 37, 143-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2017.09.006

Chemical composition and source apportionment of PM_2.5 and PM_2.5–10 in Trombay (Mumbai, India), a coastal industrial area

Sandeep Police ^{a b}, Sanjay Kumar Sahu ^{a b}, Mahesh Tiwari ^{a b}, Gauri Girish Pandit ^{a b *}

a Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
b Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India

10.1016/j.partic.2017.09.006

Volume 37, April 2018, Pages 143-153

Received 19 August 2016, Revised 8 September 2017, Accepted 18 September 2017, Available online 1 January 2018, Version of Record 3 February 2018.

E-mail: ggp@barc.gov.in

Highlights

• Annual mean PM_2.5 concentration exceeded WHO and USEPA limits but was within CPCB, India limit.

• PM₁₀ at the study location exceeded the CPCB and USEPA limits.

• BC contributed the most to the observed PM_2.5, followed by Si and S.

• PM_2.5 has major contributions from anthropogenic sources such as coal/biomass combustion (25.5%).

• Natural sources such as crustal material (25.3%) and sea salt contributed most to PM_2.5–10 mass.

Abstract

PM_2.5 and PM_2.5–10 concentrations, elemental constituents, and sources in a densely populated coastal industrial area (Trombay, Mumbai) were investigated in 2010 and 2011. The PM_2.5 and PM_2.5–10concentrations were 13.50–71.60 and 22.40–127.78 μg/m³, respectively. The daily PM_2.5 concentrations exceeded the Indian Central Pollution Control Board limit (60 μg/m³) several days in winter. Of the elements analyzed, Si then Al had the highest concentrations in PM_2.5–10, but black carbon then Si had the highest concentrations in PM_2.5. The element concentrations varied widely by season. Al, Ca, Fe, Si, and Ti concentrations were highest in summer, Cl, Mg, and Na concentrations were highest in the monsoon season, and the other trace metal concentrations in both PM_2.5 and PM_2.5–10 were highest in winter. The PM_2.5 and PM_2.5–10 sources were apportioned by positive matrix factorization. PM_2.5 and PM_2.5–10 had six dominant sources, crustal material (8.7% and 25.3%, respectively), sea salt spray (6.1% and 15.0%, respectively), coal/biomass combustion (25.5% and 13.8%, respectively), fuel oil combustion (19.0% and 11.2%, respectively), road traffic (17.7% and 12.6%, respectively), and the metal industry (10.6% and 7.0%, respectively). Anthropogenic sources clearly contributed most to PM_2.5 but natural sources contributed most to PM_2.5–10.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Trombay; PM_2.5; PM_2.5–10; Black carbon; Metals; Positive matrix factorization

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