Source apportionment of PM10 in Delhi, India using PCA/APCS, UNMIX and PMF--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Jain, S., Sharma, S. K., Mandal, T. K., & Saxena, M. (2018). Source apportionment of PM10 in Delhi, India using PCA/APCS, UNMIX and PMF. Particuology, 37, 107-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2017.05.009

Source apportionment of PM₁₀ in Delhi, India using PCA/APCS, UNMIX and PMF

Srishti Jain ^{a b}, S.K. Sharma ^{a b *}, T.K. Mandal^{a b}, Mohit Saxena ^a

a Environmental Sciences and Biomedical Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110 012, India
b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory campus, New Delhi 110 012, India

10.1016/j.partic.2017.05.009

Volume 37, April 2018, Pages 107-118

Received 5 July 2016, Revised 4 May 2017, Accepted 11 May 2017, Available online 1 September 2017, Version of Record 3 February 2018.

E-mail: sudhir.npl@nic.in; sudhircsir@gmail.com

Highlights

• Comparisons of receptor models, i.e. PCA/APCS, UNMIX and PMF, were conducted.

• Source profiles and contributions of PM₁₀were achieved by receptor models.

• VE, SA and SD were dominant contributors to PM₁₀ in Delhi.

• PMF allowed to obtain better results than PCA/APCS and UNMIX.

Abstract

Source apportionment of particulate matter (PM₁₀) measurements taken in Delhi, India between January 2013 and June 2014 was carried out using two receptor models, principal component analysis with absolute principal component scores (PCA/APCS) and UNMIX. The results were compared with previous estimates generated using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model to investigate each model's source-apportioning capability. All models used the PM₁₀ chemical composition (organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble inorganic ions (WSIC), and trace elements) for source apportionment. The average PM₁₀ concentration during the study period was 249.7 ± 103.9 μg/m³ (range: 61.4–584.8 μg/m³). The UNMIX model resolved five sources (soil dust (SD), vehicular emissions (VE), secondary aerosols (SA), a mixed source of biomass burning (BB) and sea salt (SS), and industrial emissions (IE)). The PCA/APCS model also resolved five sources, two of which also included mixed sources (SD, VE, SD+SS, (SA+BB+SS) and IE). The PMF analysis differentiated seven individual sources (SD, VE, SA, BB, SS, IE, and fossil fuel combustion (FFC)). All models identified the main sources contributing to PM₁₀ emissions and reconfirmed that VE, SA, BB, and SD were the dominant contributors in Delhi.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Receptor model; PCA/APCS; UNMIX; PMF; Source apportionment

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