Volume 37
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Banjerdteerakul, K., Vas-Umnuay, P., & Pavarajarn, V. (2018). Synthesis of mesoporous tin dioxide via sol-gel process assisted by resorcinol–formaldehyde gel. Particuology, 37, 26-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2017.07.006
Synthesis of mesoporous tin dioxide via sol-gel process assisted by resorcinol–formaldehyde gel
Kornkamol Banjerdteerakul, Paravee Vas-Umnuay, Varong Pavarajarn *
Center of Excellence in Particle Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
10.1016/j.partic.2017.07.006
Volume 37, April 2018, Pages 26-32
Received 19 April 2017, Revised 24 June 2017, Accepted 11 July 2017, Available online 24 November 2017, Version of Record 3 February 2018.
E-mail: Varong.p@chula.ac.th

Highlights

• Resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) gel was used a template to synthesize mesoporous tin dioxide.

• Surface area and mesoporosity of the products could be controlled by the synthesis parameters.

• Interactions between RF network and tin-containing sol were the key factor affecting mesoporosity.


Abstract

Tin dioxide is a useful n-type oxide semiconductor used in a variety of applications owing to its superior optical, electrical, and multifunctional properties. Here, we used a network of resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) gel to synthesize mesoporous tin dioxide via a sol–gel process. The effects of various synthesis parameters on the morphology and mesoporosity of the obtained product were investigated, including aging time of the RF gel, tin-to-formaldehyde molar ratio, resorcinol-to-carbonate molar ratio, and the aging time of the tin/RF mixed gel. Our experimental results showed that the interaction between the network of the RF gel and tin-containing sol is a key factor that affected the structural strength of the porous network and the porosity of the final product. Through control of the interactions in the tin/RF mixed gel we obtained porous tin dioxide materials that could be effectively used to form large-surface area films with desirable mesoporous properties.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Tin dioxide; Mesoporous; Resorcinol–formaldehyde gel; Synthesis