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Volume 83
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Volume 80
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Volume 79
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Volume 83
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Volumes 60-71 (2022)
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Volume 71
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Volume 65
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Volume 62
Pages 1-104 (March 2022)
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Volume 61
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Volume 60
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Volume 71
- Volumes 54-59 (2021)
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• Good mixing of sand and BSG was observed in a spouted bed.
• Correlations for the prediction of the minimum spouting conditions were proposed.
• Spouted bed pyrolysis produced a bio-oil rich in phenolic compounds.
• The distribution of the products was compared with Py–GC/MS results.
• Secondary reactions can explain variations between analytical and spouted bed pyrolysis.
Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is a large-scale agroindustrial waste that could be more efficiently utilized. This waste is composed of lignocellulosic material and so may serve as a good source of biomass for thermochemical conversion. The present study investigated the fluid dynamics behavior of mixtures of sand and BSG in a spouted bed to assess the viability of the thermochemical conversion of this biomass via fast pyrolysis. Fluid dynamics analyses were performed while varying the mass fraction of BSG (6–80%) and the static bed height (6.6–13.4 cm). Empirical equations for predicting the minimum spouting conditions and the mixing index were obtained using a regression technique, and the selected fluid dynamics parameters were employed in the spouted bed pyrolysis. The bio-oil resulting from this process was rich in phenolic compounds, various nitrogenated compounds (representing precursors for pharmaceuticals) and long-chain hydrocarbons. The products obtained from the analytical and spouted bed pyrolysis processes were also compared.