Potential emission reductions by converting agricultural residue biomass to synthetic fuels for vehicles and domestic cooking in China--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Wang, X., Hoekman, S. K., Han, Y., Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Wu, X., . . . Schuetzle, R. (2020). Potential emission reductions by converting agricultural residue biomass to synthetic fuels for vehicles and domestic cooking in China. Particuology, 49, 40-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2019.04.008

Potential emission reductions by converting agricultural residue biomass to synthetic fuels for vehicles and domestic cooking in China

Xiaoliang Wang ^a *, S. Kent Hoekman ^a, Yang Han ^a, Judith C. Chow ^a, John G. Watson ^a, Xiaomeng Wu ^b, Ye Wu ^b, Dennis Schuetzle ^c, Robert Schuetzle ^c

a Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512, USA
b School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
c Greyrock Energy, Inc., 2020 L Street, Suite 120, Sacramento, CA 95811, USA

10.1016/j.partic.2019.04.008

Volume 49, April 2020, Pages 40-47

Received 15 March 2019, Revised 16 April 2019, Accepted 22 April 2019, Available online 25 June 2019, Version of Record 26 February 2020.

E-mail: xiaoliang.wang@dri.edu

Highlights

• Synthetic diesel fuel reduces criteria pollutant emissions.

• A 20% synthetic diesel blend reduces Beijing fleet PM_2.5 emissions by ∼0.2 kt/year.

• One liter of synthetic fuel reduces biomass burning PM_2.5 emissions by 45–60 g.

• Large benefits are achieved by avoiding field or residential biomass burning.

Abstract

Vehicle exhaust and transported biomass burning emissions are important air pollution sources in many urban areas, and domestic cooking with biomass fuels causes indoor air pollution in many rural areas. Using agricultural waste-generated synthetic fuels can reduce emissions both from vehicles and biomass burning. To estimate the potential benefits of synthetic diesel in Beijing, the emission factor model for the Beijing vehicle fleet was applied to estimate exhaust emissions for the 2015–2030 period. Compared with 100% petroleum diesel, a 20% synthetic diesel blend reduced diesel fleet emissions by 24% for carbon monoxide, 30% for total hydrocarbons, 5.5% for nitrogen oxides, and 19% for fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM_2.5) while using 100% synthetic diesel decreased emissions by 36% for carbon monoxide, 48% for total hydrocarbons, 10% for nitrogen oxides, and 34% for PM_2.5. The use of biomass for producing synthetic fuels rather than burning in the field also reduces air pollution. Over 60 g of PM_2.5 agricultural open-field burning emissions are avoided per liter of synthetic fuel produced. Replacing solid crop residues with synthetic liquid fuels in household cooking would reduce PM_2.5 emissions by more than 90%.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

PM_2.5; Air pollution; Vehicle emission; Biomass burning; Synthetic fuel; Agricultural biomass

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