Porous carbon spheres anode with the stable output of low delithiation plateau and constant delithiation ratio for lithium ion hybrid capacitor--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Wu, M., Yang, Z., Li, S., Wang, X., Xu, C., Lin, R., . . . Gao, J. (2021). Porous carbon spheres anode with the stable output of low delithiation plateau and constant delithiation ratio for lithium ion hybrid capacitor. Particuology, 58, 196-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2021.02.005

Porous carbon spheres anode with the stable output of low delithiation plateau and constant delithiation ratio for lithium ion hybrid capacitor

Mingzhen Wu ¹, Zipan Yang ¹, Shengping Li, Xuejie Wang, Chenggen Xu, Rundan Lin, Xilu Zhang, Xinlong Ma ^*, Guoyong Huang ^*, Jinsen Gao

State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Changping 102249, China

10.1016/j.partic.2021.02.005

Volume 58, October 2021, Pages 196-205

Received 24 November 2020, Revised 9 February 2021, Accepted 15 February 2021, Available online 8 April 2021, Version of Record 21 April 2021.

E-mail: maxl@cup.edu.cn; huanggy@cup.edu.cn

Highlights

• PCSs are derived from the hydrothermal treatment associated with the calcination.

• PCSs afford large reversible capacities and stable delithiation plateaus.

• Delithiation ratios below 1 V account for a constant value under different rates.

• The SMG//PCSs LIHC presents the better energy-storage behavior than corresponding counterparts.

Abstract

Porous carbon spheres derived from the facile hydrothermal treatment associated with the calcination process exhibit the good spherical morphology and unique porous structure. For the Li-based half-cell test, porous carbon spheres electrode not only exhibits larger reversible capacities and better compatibility as compared to the widely-used graphite, but also provides stable delithiation plateaus under different current density. Additionally, the delithiation ratio below 1 V almost accounts for a constant value (around 70%) with the increase of current density, evidencing that Li intercalation storage is the dominant model and Li insertion/extraction processes are propitious. The lithium ion hybrid capacitor configured with S-doped mesoporous graphene and porous carbon spheres as cathode and anode, delivers satisfied energy and power densities (up to 177 Wh kg⁻¹ and 12,303 W kg⁻¹, respectively) as well as long-term cyclability, which is superior to the corresponding S-doped mesoporous graphene//graphite and activated carbon//porous carbon spheres. In addition, the developed synthesis strategy is in favor of the realization of the scalable production of porous carbon spheres.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Porous carbon spheres; Low delithiation plateau; Delithiation ratio; Anode performance; Lithium ion hybrid capacitor

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