Ensuring adequate statistics in particle tracking experiments--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Windows-Yule, C. R. K. (2021). Ensuring adequate statistics in particle tracking experiments. Particuology, 59, 43-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2020.10.013

Ensuring adequate statistics in particle tracking experiments

C.R.K. Windows-Yule ^{a b *}

a School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
b Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Engineering of Advanced Materials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany

10.1016/j.partic.2020.10.013

Volume 59, December 2021, Pages 43-54

Received 30 January 2020, Revised 12 August 2020, Accepted 2 October 2020, Available online 8 December 2020, Version of Record 13 October 2021.

E-mail: C.R.Windows-Yule@bham.ac.uk; windowsyule@gmail.com

Highlights

• We establish how well single-particle data represents whole-field dynamics in particulate systems.

• We determine the necessary duration of a single-particle experiment to visualise full-field data.

• The model relates the minimum necessary duration to key system parameters.

• The minimum duration scales linearly with the system size and inversely with mean velocity.

• Similar scaling is found for both 1D and 2D reconstruction.

Abstract

Particle tracking techniques such as magnetic particle tracking, radioactive particle tracking and positron emission particle tracking are widely used in academia and industry to image the dynamics of particulate and multiphase systems. These techniques can provide detailed data concerning a range of important, whole-field quantities based only on the time-averaged dynamics of a small number of tracer particles. However, in order for this data to be reliable, the duration over which these time-averages are taken must be suitably long. Further, the ‘minimum averaging time’ required to produce good statistics depends sensitively on the system in question and, at present, cannot be determined a priori in advance of an experiment. In this paper, we take a step toward resolving this issue, using discrete element method simulations of a simple vibroﬂuidised granular bed to develop a series of scaling laws relating said minimum averaging time to a variety of key system variables. The scaling laws developed may be used by future experimentalists to predict the required averaging time for each given system during an experimental campaign, thus improving both the eﬃciency with which particle tracking techniques may be applied, and the reliability of the data produced thereby.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Granular; Particle tracking; Positron emission particle tracking; Radioactive particle tracking; Magnetic particle tracking; Particle tracking velocimetry

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