Application of yeast spores as β-glucan particles--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Liu, G., Yang, Y., Tachikawa, H., Gao, X.-D., & Nakanishi, H. (2022). Application of yeast spores as β-glucan particles. Particuology, 71, 34-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2022.01.013

Application of yeast spores as β-glucan particles

Guoyu Liu ^a, Yan Yang ^a, Hiroyuki Tachikawa ^{b c}, Xiao-Dong Gao ^a^*, Hideki Nakanishi ^a *

a Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
b Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
c Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan

10.1016/j.partic.2022.01.013

Volume 71, December 2022, Pages 34-40

Received 17 May 2021, Revised 17 January 2022, Accepted 18 January 2022, Available online 31 January 2022, Version of Record 23 February 2022.

E-mail: xdgao@jiangnan.edu.cn; hideki@jiangnan.edu.cn

Highlights

• β-glucan layer in Saccharomyces cerevisiae spores can be exposed to cell surface by chs3Δ mutation.

• chs3Δ spores exhibit higher immunostimulation activities than vegetative cells.

• chs3Δ spores are used as β-glucan particles immunostimulation activities.

Abstract

β-Glucan exhibits various beneficial biological activities including immunostimulation. This polysaccharide is present in the cell wall of microorganisms including the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although vegetative yeast cells are used as dietary supplements, β-glucan in the vegetative cell wall is covered with mannan. During nutrient starvation, yeast cells differentiate into dormant cell spores. β-Glucan is also present in the spore wall, but spores have been poorly studied as application tools. The spore wall consists of four layers and β-glucan forms the third layer from the outside. However, unlike vegetative cells, the β-glucan layer can be exposed to the cell surface in spores by genetic manipulation. For example, chs3Δ mutant spores exhibit such a spore wall configuration. Dectin-1 is the primary receptor for β-glucan in mammals and, its activation induces phagocytosis and proinflammatory cytokine secretions. We found that chs3Δ spores are phagocytosed in mammalian cells in a manner dependent on dectin-1 and induce higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 than vegetative cells. Our results demonstrate that chs3Δ spores are β-glucan particles with immunostimulatory activities. Thus, they would be attractive materials for application in the food industry.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Spore wall; β-glucan; Dectin-1; Immunostimulation

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