H3PO4 activated biochars derived from different agricultural biomasses for the removal of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Ouyang, J., Chen, J., Chen, W., Zhou, L., Cai, D., & Ren, C. (2023). H3PO4 activated biochars derived from different agricultural biomasses for the removal of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution. Particuology, 75, 217-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2022.07.016

H₃PO₄ activated biochars derived from different agricultural biomasses for the removal of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution

Jinbo Ouyang ^a *, Jian Chen ^a, Wenqian Chen ^b, Limin Zhou ^a *, Di Cai ^c, Cong Ren ^c

a Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
b Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 117544, Singapore
c National Energy Research and Development Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China

10.1016/j.partic.2022.07.016

Volume 75, April 2023, Pages 217-227

Received 31 March 2022, Revised 3 July 2022, Accepted 23 July 2022, Available online 19 August 2022, Version of Record 29 August 2022.

E-mail: oyjb1001@163.com; lmzhou@ecut.edu.cn

Highlights

• Agricultural biomasses were pyrolyzed to produce biochars (571.0–1006.3 m²/g).

• H₃PO₄ activation was used to modify surface group and pore structure of biochar.

• Corncob biochar showed higher ciprofloxacin removal (175 mg/g) than other biochars.

• H-bonds, electrostatic interaction, pore filling and π-EDA facilitated adsorption.

Abstract

Biochars were prepared by the pyrolysis of various H₃PO₄ activated agricultural biomasses at 600 °C and subsequently used as adsorbents for the removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) from aqueous solution. Peanut shell-based biochar (PSBC), corncob-based biochar (CCBC) and cotton-based biochar (CTBC) had high surface areas (571.0–1006.3 m²/g), well-developed pore structures (mesopores with large pore volumes) and available adsorption functional groups (C=C, C–N and C–O–C). The CIP adsorption onto the biochars was investigated by batch experiments (kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics, pH, etc.). Thermodynamics calculations showed the spontaneous (ΔG^θ<0) and endothermic (ΔH^θ>0) nature of the mechanism. In particular, CCBC exhibited high adsorption capacity (120.6 mg/g) of CIP in real lake water and it also had significant removal efficiency of other common pharmaceutical contaminants from real lake environment, and even in a coexisting quintuple system. Finally, multiple interaction mechanisms of CIP adsorption onto aromatized biochar were explored combining characterization analysis and theoretical calculations. Elucidation of the mechanism of CIP adsorption onto biochar provides new insights into the assessment of the removal of pharmaceuticals from the aqueous environment.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Biochar; Adsorption; Pharmaceutical contaminants; Ciprofloxacin; Water remediation

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