Injection of gas–liquid jets into gas–solid fluidized beds: A review (Open Access)--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Zafiryadis, F., Degn Jensen, A., Lin, W., Akoh Hove, E., Boberg Larsen, M., & Wu, H. (2023). Injection of gas–liquid jets into gas–solid fluidized beds: A review. Particuology, 76, 63-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2022.08.014

Injection of gas–liquid jets into gas–solid fluidized beds: A review (Open Access)

Frederik Zafiryadis ^a, Anker Degn Jensen ^a, Weigang Lin ^a, Elisabeth Akoh Hove ^b, Morten Boberg Larsen ^b, Hao Wu ^a *

a Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
b Topsoe, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

10.1016/j.partic.2022.08.014

Volume 76, May 2023, Pages 63-85

Received 16 May 2022, Revised 20 July 2022, Accepted 25 August 2022, Available online 9 September 2022, Version of Record 21 September 2022.

E-mail: haw@kt.dtu.dk

Highlights

• Review of gas–liquid injection into gas–solid fluidized beds.

• The relevant physics of gas–liquid injection mechanism depends on the bed voidage.

• In dilute beds, liquid feed atomization results in a spray of droplets.

• In dense beds, atomization is suppressed and a jet cavity of liquid is encountered.

• Wet particle agglomeration and particle porosity should be included in CFD models.

Abstract

Injection of gas–liquid sprays into gas–solid fluidized beds finds application in many industries. Effective mixing and distribution of liquid feed and solid bed material is paramount to ensure an efficient and profitable process. Despite its long-term use, the mechanism of liquid injection into gas–solid fluidized beds continues to raise questions and is only partially understood. This paper provides a thorough and up-to-date review of experimental and numerical investigations of gas–liquid sprays into gas–solid fluidized beds conducted over the past decades. Based on the surveyed literature, a phenomenological description of the prevalent mechanisms of gas–liquid injection under different operating conditions is presented. This review identifies suitable computational fluid dynamic models for simulating the mechanisms involved in gas–liquid–solid interactions along with recommendations for future numerical and experimental work.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Gas–liquid jet; Gas–solid fluidized bed; Atomization; Fluid catalytic cracking; Fluid coking

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