Penetration into a granular bed in the presence of upward gas flows--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Chen, H., Xia, L., Li, C., & Zheng, Z. (2023). Penetration into a granular bed in the presence of upward gas flows. Particuology, 82, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2023.01.006

Penetration into a granular bed in the presence of upward gas flows

Hongsheng Chen ^*, Li Xia, Chenrui Li, Zengyong Zheng

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China

10.1016/j.partic.2023.01.006

Volume 82, November 2023, Pages 1-12

Received 20 October 2022, Revised 21 December 2022, Accepted 9 January 2023, Available online 23 January 2023, Version of Record 2 February 2023.

E-mail: chs@cqu.edu.cn

Highlights

• Penetration into a granular bed in the presence of upward gas flows is investigated.

• Penetration process can be divided into two stages, i.e., cratering and settling.

• Penetration depth and crater diameter vary with impact velocity via a power law.

• Granular jet formed by the merging of granular vortices is observed.

Abstract

We present a numerical study on the penetration of spherical projectiles into a granular bed in the presence of upward gas flows. Due to the presence of interstitial fluid, the force chains between particles in the granular bed are weakened significantly, and this distinguishes the penetration behavior from that in the absence of fluid. An interesting phenomenon, namely granular jet, is observed during the penetration, and the mechanism for its formation and growth is attributed to the merging of granular vortices generated by the interaction between the intruder and primary particles. Moreover, both the final penetration depth and the maximum diameter of the crater are found to follow a power-law dependence with the impact velocity, and the maximum height reached by the granular jet tends to increase linearly as the impact velocity increases, agreeing well with the experimental results reported in the literature.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Penetration; Granular bed; Granular jet; CFD-DEM

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