Evaluation of coarse-grained CFD-DEM models with the validation of PEPT measurements (Open Access)--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Che, H., Werner, D., Seville, J., Wheldon, T. K., & Windows-Yule, K. (2023). Evaluation of coarse-grained CFD-DEM models with the validation of PEPT measurements. Particuology, 82, 48-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2022.12.018

Evaluation of coarse-grained CFD-DEM models with the validation of PEPT measurements (Open Access)

Hanqiao Che ^a, Dominik Werner ^a, Jonathan Seville ^a, Tzany Kokalova Wheldon ^b, Kit Windows-Yule ^a *

a School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
b School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK

10.1016/j.partic.2022.12.018

Volume 82, November 2023, Pages 48-63

Received 9 September 2022, Revised 16 November 2022, Accepted 21 December 2022, Available online 20 January 2023, Version of Record 6 February 2023.

E-mail: c.r.windows-yule@bham.ac.uk

Highlights

• Three widely-used CFD-DEM coarse-graining (CG) methods were evaluated.

• CFD-DEM results were rigorously validated using experimental data from positron emission particle tracking.

• CG simulations fail for size ratios between the bed and the particles of ∼20.

• No absolute limit found on the absolute size of CG particles.

• CG rules applied to interparticle contact does not have a substantial effect.

Abstract

Computational Fluid Dynamics coupled with Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) is a commonly used numerical method to model gas-solid flow in fluidised beds and other multiphase systems. A significant limitation of CFD-DEM is the feasibility of the realistic simulation of large numbers of particles. Coarse-graining (CG) approaches, through which groups of multiple individual particles are represented by single, larger particles, can substantially reduce the total number of particles while maintaining similar system dynamics. As these three CG models have not previously been compared, there remains some debate, however, about the best practice in the application of CG in CFD-DEM simulations. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of three typical CG methods based on simulations of a bubbling fluidised bed. This is achieved through the use of a numerical validation framework, which makes full use of the high-resolution 3D positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) measurements to rigorously validate the outputs of CFD-DEM simulations conducted using various different coarse-graining models, and various different degrees of coarse-graining. The particle flow behaviours in terms of the particle occupancy field, velocity field, circulation time, and bubble size and velocity, are comprehensively analysed. It is shown that the CG simulation starts to fail when the size ratio between the bed chamber and the particles decreases to approximately 20. It is also observed, somewhat surprisingly, that the specific CG approach applied to interparticle contact parameters does not have a substantial effect on the simulation results for the bubbling bed simulations across a wide range of CG factors.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Coarse-graining; Discrete element method; Computational fluid dynamics; CFD-DEM; Positron emission particle tracking (PEPT); Bubbling fluidised bed

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