pH-sensitive KHA/CMC-Fe3+@CS hydrogel loading and the drug release properties of riboflavin--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Song, J., Li, X., Niu, Y., Chen, L., Wei, Z., Li, Y., & Wang, Y. (2024). pH-sensitive KHA/CMC-Fe3+@CS hydrogel loading and the drug release properties of riboflavin. Particuology, 86, 13-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2023.04.003

pH-sensitive KHA/CMC-Fe³⁺@CS hydrogel loading and the drug release properties of riboflavin

Jie Song ^*, Xi Li, Yuhua Niu, Lijun Chen, Zhiqiang Wei, Yidan Li, Youqian Wang

Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China

10.1016/j.partic.2023.04.003

Volume 86, March 2024, Pages 13-23

Received 23 December 2022, Revised 23 March 2023, Accepted 4 April 2023, Available online 25 April 2023, Version of Record 9 May 2023.

E-mail: songjie@sust.edu.cn

Highlights

• (KHA/CMC-Fe³⁺)@CS hydrogel is environmentally friendly, safe and non-toxic.

• The swelling behavior of the hydrogel spheres has good pH sensitivity.

• The maximum drug release rates of the hydrogel at pH = 7.4 and 34 h is 71%.

Abstract

To improve drug utilization, reduce the drug administration frequency, increase the release time, and reduce the drug side effects in the human body, we prepared (KHA/CMC-Fe³⁺)@CS hydrogel spheres using green and natural potassium humate (KHA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and chitosan (CS) as raw materials and Fe³⁺ as a crosslinking agent, and loaded them with riboflavin for drug sustained-release study using the drop ball method. The tests with FTIR, SEM, TG, and X-ray diffractometer showed that the coordination among KHA, CMC, and Fe³⁺ formed a three-dimensional network structure, where CS was encapsulated on the surface of the hydrogel spheres via noncovalent bonding, resulting in good thermal stability. The stability, drug loading, swelling, and in vitro release of the (KHA/CMC-Fe³⁺)@CS hydrogel spheres were investigated. The results showed that the hydrogel spheres were significantly pH-sensitive, with 11.16 g/g higher swelling in an alkaline environment (pH = 7.4) than that in an acidic environment (pH = 1.2). The swelling and drug release process of the hydrogel spheres were analyzed using mathematical models, concluding that the hydrogel swelling follows Schott second-order swelling kinetics, and the drug release mechanism was Fickian delivery mode.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Potassium humate; Hydrogel spheres; pH-sensitive; Drug sustained-release; Drug release model

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