Incense smoke (IS) inhalation exposure system: Physicochemical characterization, IS particle deposition and clearance in human airway using MPPD model--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Kumar, V., Hashmi, H., Anshita, Ansari, N. G., & Singh, J. (2024). Incense smoke (IS) inhalation exposure system: Physicochemical characterization, IS particle deposition and clearance in human airway using MPPD model. Particuology, 87, 271-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2023.08.014

Incense smoke (IS) inhalation exposure system: Physicochemical characterization, IS particle deposition and clearance in human airway using MPPD model

Vyas Kumar ^a, Hafsa Hashmi ^a, Anshita ^{a b}, Nasreen Ghazi Ansari ^c, Jyotsna Singh ^{a b *}

a Inhalation Toxicology Facility, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226001, UP, India
b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India
c Analytical Chemistry, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226001, UP, India

10.1016/j.partic.2023.08.014

Volume 87, April 2024, Pages 271-285

Received 9 May 2023, Revised 13 August 2023, Accepted 17 August 2023, Available online 9 September 2023, Version of Record 25 September 2023.

E-mail: jyotsna@iitr.res.in; dr.jyotsnasingh.iitr@gmail.com

Highlights

• Customized inhalation exposure system showed stable incense smoke characteristics.

• Mass median aerodynamic diameter of incense smoke (IS) ranged: 0.55–2.10 μm.

• IS particles were polydispersed, contain heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons.

• Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry showed higher deposition in lower lung generations.

• Higher ISPM fraction deposition and lower clearance in infant vs adult female & male.

Abstract

Incense smoke (IS) is source of indoor air pollution and key risk for diverse human diseases. Less information is available regarding controlled IS rodent inhalation exposure system and IS particulate matter (PM) deposition in human airways. Study aimed to demonstrate stable ISPM physicochemical parameters of 10 incense products inside the customized whole body inhalation exposure chamber (without animal) connected to smoke generation unit via aerosol mixing device. IS analyzed for size segregated PM emission, ISPM in vitro aerodynamics (MMAD and GSD determination), fine and ultrafine particle's SEM, SEM-EDX and PAH analysis. Using real life exposure scenario by utilizing MMAD, GSD and PM concentration after Tier 1 exposure assessment as key input parameters, ISPM dosimetry in infant (3 months) and adult (21 years male and female) human airways was calculated using multiple-path particle dosimetry (MPPD 3.04) modeling. Mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) ranged between 0.55 and 2.10 μm and 1.22 to 1.77 (polydisperse) respectively. PM_1.0 and PM0.1 showed multiple morphology and presence of heavy and trace elements. PAH like acenaphthylene, anthracene, fluorene, naphthalene and phenanthrene were detected (0.84–143.17 μg/g). MPPD results showed higher ISPM deposition in pulmonary region and lowest in trachea bronchial region. ISPM deposition in tissue was higher in lower, peripheral lung as compared to upper and central lung tissue. Whole body inhalation exposure system showed stable IS atmosphere (physicochemical parameters) indicating the device suitability in future inhalation studies. MPPD ISPM deposition fraction and clearance data showed deep lung penetrating and retention behavior with higher risk in infant followed by female and then male. These modeled particle deposition and clearance data may be useful in risk assessment analysis of IS.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Inhalation; Incense smoke; Multiple-path particle dosimetry (MPPD); Particle deposition; Particulate matter (PM); Mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD); Human airway

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