Nanofluids: Critical issues, economics and sustainability perspectives--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Mukherjee, S., Wciślik, S., Chandra Mishra, P., & Chaudhuri, P. (2024). Nanofluids: Critical issues, economics and sustainability perspectives. Particuology, 87, 147-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2023.06.021

Nanofluids: Critical issues, economics and sustainability perspectives

Sayantan Mukherjee ^a *, Sylwia Wciślik ^b, Purna Chandra Mishra ^c, Paritosh Chaudhuri ^{a d}

a Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
b Department of Building Physics and Renewable Energy, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Geodesy and Renewable Energy, Kielce University of Technology, Aleja Tysiaclecia Panstwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
c Thermal Research Laboratory (TRL), School of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
d Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India

10.1016/j.partic.2023.06.021

Volume 87, April 2024, Pages 147-172

Received 6 April 2023, Revised 22 May 2023, Accepted 15 June 2023, Available online 26 August 2023, Version of Record 1 September 2023.

E-mail: sayantan.mukherjee@ipr.res.in

Highlights

• Critical issues faced with nanofluids have been discussed in details.

• Economics of nanofluid application is discussed and analysed.

• Sustainability and reusability of nanofluids have been explored.

• Environmental impact and health hazards of nanofluids application are presented.

• Proper handling of nanofluid issues and impacts will expand its application.

Abstract

According to the Scopus database, every year several hundreds of new research papers are published in the field of nanofluids. This area is attracting growing attention because of the significant improvement in the heat transfer and energy efficiency of the systems working with nanofluids. However, as results from numerous scientific studies conducted by independent laboratories, there are several fundamental problems related to the unambiguous determination of their physical properties, their production, and economic use. Although most studies often focus on one issue or cover one kind of research or mathematical correlation, this review paper provides insights into many problems during nanofluids research by proposing solving possibilities, which is the strength of our work. The paper discusses the case of nanofluids quality, and morphology, thermal conductivity enhancement and the discrepancies in mathematical modelling, errors in dimensional and similarity analysis, nanofluid erosion, safety guidelines, and toxicology tips. Moreover, the sustainability and economics of nanofluids usage are also being discussed.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Nanofluids; Thermal conductivity; Stability; Erosion; Economics; Sustainability

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