Hydroxyapatite composites with carbon allotropes: Preparation, properties, and applications--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Kharisov, B. I., Kharissova, O. V., González, L. T., Méndez, Y. P., Uflyand, I. E., & Gómez de la Fuente, I. (2024). Hydroxyapatite composites with carbon allotropes: Preparation, properties, and applications. Particuology, 88, 239-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2023.09.012

Hydroxyapatite composites with carbon allotropes: Preparation, properties, and applications

Boris I. Kharisov ^a *, Oxana V. Kharissova ^a, Lucy T. González ^b, Yolanda Peña Méndez ^a, Igor E. Uflyand ^c, Idalia Gómez de la Fuente ^a

a Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Universidad, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66455, Mexico
b Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64890, Mexico
c Department of Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

10.1016/j.partic.2023.09.012

Volume 88, May 2024, Pages 239-265

Received 2 July 2023, Revised 13 August 2023, Accepted 17 September 2023, Available online 4 October 2023, Version of Record 8 November 2023.

E-mail: boris.kharissov@uanl.edu.mx

Highlights

• This paper presents a comprehensive review on achievements in HA/C composites.

• HA/C composites are fabricated by co-precipitation, CVD, among other methods.

• HA/C composites can be produced in the form of coatings, powders, and scaffolds.

• HA/C composites are mainly applied in biomedical area (orthopedic applications).

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA) and its composites with inorganic additives, dopants, and polymers is a rapidly developing branch in the materials chemistry. In particular, carbon allotropes are widely used in these composites being widely applied for medical purposes. Observing a gap of insufficient generalization of recent achievements in the field of the HA/Carbon composites, in this review we present the state of the art of the field of HA composites and hybrids with classic carbon allotropes and nanocarbons. These composites are known for carbon nanotubes, nanofibers, graphene and its oxidized forms, as well as, in a lesser grade, for graphite, fullerenes, nanodiamonds, carbon nanofoams, etc. These composites can be fabricated by a variety of classic and less-common methods, such as co-precipitation (with or without ultrasonic treatment), CVD, hot isostatic pressing, hydrothermal, spark plasma sintering, biomimetic mineralization, thermal and plasma spray, electrochemical and electrophoretic deposition, self-assembling, 3D printing, electrospinning, and lyophilisation, among others. Combination of various synthesis techniques can be also carried out for composite preparation. Natural or synthetic HA can be used as it is for further interaction with carbon allotropes or it can be first prepared and then reacted with carbon counterpart; similarly, carbon allotropes can be introduced into the interaction with HA directly or they can be first synthesized, in particular from biomass. Resulting biocompatible composites can be produced in the form of coatings, powders, and scaffolds and can additionally contain quantitative amounts of third phases, frequently natural or synthetic polymers.

In these composites, especially with O-containing functionalizing groups, HA disadvantages could be considerably decreased with simultaneous enhancement of mechanical properties, becoming similar to human bone, chemical stability and biocompatibility, as well as possessing antibacterial effect. GO→G reduction and higher HA decoration were observed in several experiments. The morphology of polymer-containing HA/GO composites can be tuned by variations of GO:polymer ratios. Predominant number of resulting applications of formed HA composites corresponds to the biomedical area, mainly for orthopedic applications/implants, osteoporosis treatment, myocardial, skin and dental regeneration, etc. Other important uses include applications as adsorbents for the elimination of impurities from wastewaters and/or removal/uptake of heavy metal cations, loading several medicines, and energy storage materials. Biocompatibility and hemocompatibility aspects of HA/Carbon composites are also discussed and future developments are proposed.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Hydroxyapatite; Carbon nanotubes; Graphene; Quantum dots; Fullerenes; Nanodiamonds

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