Volume 90
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Mawby, L. M., Ludwig, B., & Lear, B. J. (2024). Analysis of synthetic parameters for coating aluminum powders with phenyltriethoxysilane coupling agent and their effects on powder flow behavior. Particuology, 90, 412-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2024.01.008

Analysis of synthetic parameters for coating aluminum powders with phenyltriethoxysilane coupling agent and their effects on powder flow behavior

Lillian M. Mawby a, Bellamarie Ludwig b *, Benjamin J. Lear a *
a Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
b Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
10.1016/j.partic.2024.01.008
Volume 90, July 2024, Pages 412-417
Received 13 February 2023, Revised 30 October 2023, Accepted 13 January 2024, Available online 24 January 2024, Version of Record 20 February 2024.
E-mail: bxb234@psu.edu; bul14@psu.edu

Highlights

• Silanization occurs over a wide range of humidity, cure time, and temperature.

• Apparent density of coated particles depends on reaction temperature and cure time.

• The flow properties show no significant dependence on silanization conditions.


Abstract

Though silanization of aluminum powder is currently used to improve its flow properties, for use as an alternative fuel source, there are a wide range of experimental parameters for the process and not all of them have been thoroughly explored. Until this is complete, it is unknown if the process is optimized in terms of time, efficiency, and effect. Herein, we report on a study into the effects of changes in humidity, degree of agitation, reaction temperature, and curing time upon the deposition of phenyl triethoxysilane into 20 μm (d50) aluminum particles. We confirm the deposition of the coating via diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We then characterize the coated particles using apparent density measurements and Carney flow methods. Using analysis of variance, we find that, of the parameters explored, only changes in cure time and reaction temperature provide meaningful changes to the apparent density, while none of our parameters produced statistically significant changes in Carney flow values. Thus, we conclude that, when optimizing silanization of aluminum particles, environmental control of humidity is unneeded and that the reaction can be run with minimal agitation. The ability to largely ignore these parameters is a benefit to large-scale processing.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Aluminum powder; Silane; Fluidization; Apparent density; Carney flow