Volume 95
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Harizi, W., Hamdi, F., & Chrigui, M. (2024). A comprehensive numerical investigation of the spray characteristics in spill-return atomizers using coupled VOF and Euler-Lagrange approach. Particuology, 95, 319-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2024.10.010
A comprehensive numerical investigation of the spray characteristics in spill-return atomizers using coupled VOF and Euler-Lagrange approach
Wassim Harizi *, Fathi Hamdi, Mouldi Chrigui
Research Unit “Mechanical Modeling, Materials and Energy”, National School of Engineer of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, 6029, Tunisia
10.1016/j.partic.2024.10.010
Volume 95, December 2024, Pages 319-332
Received 27 July 2024, Revised 29 September 2024, Accepted 9 October 2024, Available online 26 October 2024, Version of Record 4 November 2024.
E-mail: wassim.harizi@enig.rnu.tn

Highlights

• Developed and validated a 3D two-phase flow model for spill-return atomizers using a VOF-to-DPM hybrid approach.

• Accurate prediction of droplet size distributions with a 7.3% error in ISMD using LES turbulence model.

• Identified impact of spill-line orifice design on spray cone stability and atomization efficiency.

• Four key vortex structures in the internal flow, enhancing understanding of liquid sheet breakup.

• Provided insights into spray morphology and droplet size distribution across various operating regimes.


Abstract

This research paper investigates a three-dimensional, two-phase flow dynamics, and atomization characteristics of a spill return atomizer. The method includes the internal flow field, primary and secondary atomization which are modeled using the hybrid approach Volume of Fluid to Discrete Phase Model (VOF to DPM). A comparison between the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and The k-omega Shear Stress Transport turbulence model (SST k-ω) in combination with the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model, along with the Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) method, to predict the breakup of the liquid core is carried out. The investigation presents axial and tangential distributions of velocity, mean diameter, and spray cone angle of droplets at spray pressures of Spill-to-Feed Ratio (SFR) equal to 0.9. The numerical results are validated against the Phase-Doppler Anemometry (PDA) experiment. A relative error, of less than 7.3%, is recorded. The study systematically explores the spatiotemporal evolution of the flow field, including the liquid surface wave motion, liquid film characteristics, and the formation/atomization of the fluid spray cone downstream of the injector.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
VOF to DPM; Spill return atomizer; AMR; Integral sauter mean diameter; Turbulence