The centrifugal slurry pump is widely applied for the transportation of liquid medium containing solid particles. The introduction of solid particles will lead to a decrease in efficiency and wear of the slurry pump. To solve this problem, it is imperative to review the hydraulic performance and erosion characteristic of slurry pumps under solid-liquid two-phase flow in recent years. In this review, firstly, the general structure and engineering application are introduced. Next, the experimental and simulation research methods of particle movement and erosion wear are explored. Then, the influence of solid particles on the hydraulic performance and particle distribution is analyzed. Afterwards, the variation laws of erosion wear under different flow-passing components and particle properties are clarified. Finally, according to the current research status and conclusions, the design optimization measures and future investigate direction are proposed, aiming to promote the resolution of wear damage and extend the service life of the slurry pump.