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Volume 107
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A review of characteristics and influencing factors of dilute- and dense-phase pneumatic conveying of particles in pipelines
Lidong Zhang a, Yuhan Jia a, Xiaoyang Ma a, Jianming Su a, Xinyu Xu a, Jipeng Liang a, Jiayi Li a, Chang Liu b, Changpeng Song a *
a School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China
b Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China
10.1016/j.partic.2025.09.015
Volume 107, December 2025, Pages 50-67
Received 7 August 2025, Revised 20 September 2025, Accepted 21 September 2025, Available online 26 September 2025, Version of Record 17 October 2025.
E-mail: 2202400614@neepu.edu.cn
Highlights

• Combination of pneumatic conveying and thermal storage for waste heat recovery.

• Integration of dense and dilute phase flow systems and solutions.

• Analysis of synergistic effects of multiple factors in pneumatic conveying.

• Swirl-assisted device reduces energy consumption and blockages.


Abstract

Pneumatic conveying systems are widely used in the chemical and energy industries because they are highly efficient and environmentally friendly. However, issues such as pipeline blockages, high energy consumption, and wear on the pipeline walls continue to hinder their development. This paper provides a systematic review of research progress on pneumatic conveying systems for particles in pipelines. First, it introduces the flow field characteristics of dilute-phase and dense-phase pneumatic conveying, as well as the mechanisms of particle flow in pipelines. Then, it focuses on analyzing the coupled influence mechanisms of multiple factors, including solid conveying gas velocity, particle size distribution, moisture content, temperature, and pipeline parameters, on conveying efficiency and stability. To address issues such as particle deposition and blockage during conveying, the paper reviews solutions like double-tube-socket, optimized auxiliary air intake, and active flow field control. Based on these solutions, the paper proposes that future research should focus on dynamic coupling models of multi-physics fields and the analogies and extensions of gas-solid and gas-liquid models to promote the development of high-efficiency, low-energy pneumatic conveying systems. The paper provides a theoretical foundation for a deeper understanding of pneumatic conveying mechanisms and for optimizing engineering applications.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Pneumatic conveying; Gas-solid two-phase flow; Dilute phase; Dense phase; Particle flow
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