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Volume 107
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Research progress on influencing factors of rheological properties of powder and related modification and detection methods: A review
Yang Zhao a b 1, Junbo Zou a 1, Qing Yang a b, Miao Wang a b, Ye Li a b, Xiujuan Peng b, Gang Xu b c, Ziyi Liu b, Zhuangzhuang Huang b c *, Feng Liu a b c *
a School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
b Chinese medicine intelligent manufacturing Engineering Research center, Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xi'an, 712046, China
c Scientific Research Department, Shaanxi Buchang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Xi'an, 710075, China
10.1016/j.partic.2025.09.017
Volume 107, December 2025, Pages 243-264
Received 30 June 2025, Revised 24 September 2025, Accepted 28 September 2025, Available online 11 October 2025, Version of Record 10 November 2025.
E-mail: huangstrong@163.com; liufeng1720@163.com
Highlights

• Properties of powder influence its rheological characteristics. 

• Methods of powder modification and changing trends of rheological behavior after modification are reviewed.

• This review describes methods and techniques for measuring physical properties, providing deeper understanding of them.


Abstract

The inherent properties of powder are the core factors influencing rheological characteristics. Fluctuations in rheological properties can lead to instability issues in powder during mixing, storage, and transportation. This review focuses on factors influencing rheology in dry powder systems and their specific trends. It presents the trends of six significant powder properties that affect rheology: particle size, particle size distribution, shape, charge, moisture content, specific surface area, and surface roughness. While explaining the influencing mechanisms, it also summarizes modification methods and detection techniques for monitoring rheological behavior. It provides a good explanation of the relationship between rheological properties and powder properties, aiming to offer solutions to problems encountered during the mixing, storage, and transportation of powders through a summary of powder science modification methods.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Powder; Mixture; Factors; Rheological behavior; Powder modification; Detection means
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