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Volume 103
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Özdemir, A. E., Akıcı, C., Köksal, M., & Külah, G. (2025). Experimental investigation of directly irradiated conical spouted bed thermal receivers. Particuology, 103, 18-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.020
Experimental investigation of directly irradiated conical spouted bed thermal receivers
Arif Eren Özdemir a, Can Akıcı a, Murat Köksal a *, Görkem Külah b *
a Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
b Dept. of Chemical Eng., Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.020
Volume 103, August 2025, Pages 18-28
Received 28 February 2025, Revised 8 April 2025, Accepted 28 April 2025, Available online 14 May 2025, Version of Record 28 May 2025.
E-mail: gorkemk@metu.edu.tr; koksalm@hacettepe.edu.tr
Highlights

• It was observed that smaller particles achieve higher temperatures with a more uniform temperature distribution.

• Olivine particles showed performance comparable to CarboHSP, suggesting a cost-effective CSP alternative.

• Solid circulation maintained at below minimum spouting velocity can enable higher temperatures with less air supply.

• Pre-heating the air yields higher temperatures, simulating heated air recirculation within the bed.


Abstract

One of the emerging applications of spouted beds is their use as thermal receivers in CSP systems, offering significant advantages such as high heat transfer rates and uniform temperature distribution. However, experimental studies on directly irradiated spouted beds remain limited in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the thermal performance of a directly irradiated spouted bed receiver using CarboHSP and olivine particles. Experiments were conducted in a 0.15 m ID spouted bed with a 60° conical angle. Hydrodynamic experiments were first performed to understand the gas-solid dynamics and establish a foundation for subsequent thermal studies. The solar radiation was simulated by a 2 kWe metal halide lamp. Temperature profiles influenced by particle size, spouting velocity, and particle type were analyzed, and charge and discharge efficiencies were determined. Higher temperatures are obtained as the particle size and spouting gas velocity are reduced. The results also show that olivine particles are a cost-effective alternative for spouted bed thermal receivers, offering thermal performance comparable to CarboHSP particles.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Spouted bed; CSP; Solar receiver; Olivine; Thermal energy storage
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