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Volume 105
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Effects of hydrogen injection on combustion behaviors of coal-coke-gas in a blast furnace raceway: A numerical study
Meng Li a, Deyu Yue a, Guanyin Wu b c, Chao Li d, Zhong Li b, Xizhong An a *
a Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral of Ministry of Education, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
b Ansteel Iron & Steel Research Institutes, Anshan, 114009, China
c State Key Laboratory of Metal Materials for Marine Equipment and Application, Anshan 114009, China
d Bayuquan Iron and Steel Branch, Angang Steel Company Limited, Yingkou, 115007, China
10.1016/j.partic.2025.08.003
Volume 105, October 2025, Pages 165-178
Received 23 June 2025, Revised 28 July 2025, Accepted 12 August 2025, Available online 18 August 2025, Version of Record 22 August 2025.
E-mail: anxz@mail.neu.edu.cn
Highlights

• A model involving the combustion of gas (H2, air), coal, and coke was constructed.

• The transport phenomena in a 3D blast furnace raceway were investigated.

• Influence of H2 injection on co-combustion characteristics was identified.

• Thermo-chemical behaviors and raceway kinetics under H2 injection were explored.


Abstract

This study utilizes a three-dimensional Discrete Element Model-Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Phase Model (DEM-CFD-DPM) to simulate the effects of hydrogen (H2) injection on the combustion characteristics, coke/coal/gas thermo-chemical behaviors, and kinetics in a blast furnace (BF) raceway. The results indicate that the introduction of H2 significantly reduces O2 concentration and increases H2 and H2O concentrations in the raceway cavity. The mass fractions of reducing gas (including CO and H2) at the tuyere tip and outlet increase. Due to the oxygen competition between H2 and PC combustion, the time required for pulverized coal (PC) to reach a stable value of burnout is extended under H2 injection. The burnout of PC with smaller particle size becomes a bit smaller when H2 is injected, while the difference in burnout for PC with larger size is relatively smaller regardless of whether H2 is injected. Additionally, the injection of H2 not only reduces coke consumption but also provides additional thermal compensation for the raceway. Meanwhile, H2 injection slightly reduces the raceway size and coke kinetic energies. These new findings provide theoretical insights for optimizing hydrogen-rich gas injection and the development of low-carbon ironmaking technology.

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