Green synthesis and eco-biological evaluation of Ag/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles using Vallaris solanacea leaf extract targeting insecticide resistance--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Azeem, A., Naveed, M., Mahmood, S., Rehman, S. u., Aziz, T., Assiri, N. A., . . . Al-Joufi, F. A. (2025). Green synthesis and eco-biological evaluation of Ag/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles using Vallaris solanacea leaf extract targeting insecticide resistance. Particuology, 97, 80-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2024.12.003

Green synthesis and eco-biological evaluation of Ag/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles using Vallaris solanacea leaf extract targeting insecticide resistance

Arooj Azeem^a, Muhammad Naveed^a *, Sarmad Mahmood^a, Shafiq ur Rehman^b, Tariq Aziz^{c d *}, Nouf A. Assiri^e, Sahar A. Alshareef^f, Maha Aljabri^g, Rewaa S. Jalal^e,
Fakhria A. Al-Joufi^h

a Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
b Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
c Laboratory of Animal Health Food Hygiene and Quality, University of Ioannina, Arta, Greece
d Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
e Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, 21493, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
f Department of Biology, College of Science and Arta at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
g Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
h Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341 Aljouf, Saudi Arabia

10.1016/j.partic.2024.12.003

Volume 97, February 2025, Pages 80-98

Received 13 August 2024, Revised 12 November 2024, Accepted 5 December 2024, Available online 21 December 2024, Version of Record 9 January 2025.

E-mail: naveed.quaidian@gmail.com; iwockd@gmail.com

Highlights

• Insecticide resistance and pesticide toxicity challenge pest control and environmental health.

• Ag/Fe BMNPs from Vallaris solanacea extract show eco-biological and pesticidal properties.

• BMNPs ensure 100% rice weevil mortality, 97% Novacide degradation, and anti-diabetic activity.

• Nanoparticles offer eco-friendly solutions for agriculture, biomedicine, and environmental remediation.

Abstract

The emergence of insecticide resistance presents a major challenge in pest control and agriculture, while the use of conventional pesticides raises environmental and health concerns. This study addresses these issues through the green synthesis of Ag/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) using Vallaris solanacea plant extract and evaluates their eco-biological activities. The synthesized Ag/Fe BMNPs, with an average size of 30 nm as determined by SEM, were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, EDX, and SEM. In vitro assays revealed significant anti-inflammatory (91%), antioxidant (95%), anti-diabetic, anti-hemolytic, and antimicrobial activities. Additionally, the nanoparticles demonstrated 100% mortality against Sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil) and exhibited 97% degradation of the pesticide Novacide, indicating potent pesticidal and environmental remediation capabilities. Computational analysis, including molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, revealed strong interactions between Ag/Fe BMNPs and insecticide resistance (IR) proteins, with binding energies surpassing those of traditional pesticides, suggesting an ability to circumvent resistance mechanisms. These findings highlight the potential of Ag/Fe BMNPs as a sustainable, eco-friendly alternative for pest management and environmental applications in agriculture and beyond.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Green synthesis; Ag/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles; Vallaris solanacea; Insecticide resistant genes

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