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Volume 110
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Kim, J., & Aziz, M. (2026). Morphological constants of porous media to predict effective properties for electrochemical devices. Particuology, 110, 180-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.017
Morphological constants of porous media to predict effective properties for electrochemical devices (Open Access)
Jaeyeon Kim a b, Muhammad Aziz a b *
a Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo City, 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan
b Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro City, 153-8505, Tokyo, Japan
10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.017
Volume 110, March 2026, Pages 180-194
Received 28 July 2025, Revised 21 December 2025, Accepted 16 January 2026, Available online 23 January 2026, Version of Record 30 January 2026.
E-mail: maziz@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Highlights

• Morphology-dependent transport in 3D porous media is computationally assessed.

• Porous structures mimic granular, fibrous, and foam-like electrochemical morphologies.

• Structural metrics are quantified and empirically correlated with porosity.

• Transport properties are evaluated via finite difference and Lattice Boltzmann methods.

• Empirical models enable accurate prediction of conductivity, diffusivity, and permeability.


Abstract

A comprehensive investigation into the morphology-dependent transport behaviors of porous media is presented in this study. Three-dimensional porous structures representing granular, fibrous, and cellular (foam-like) morphologies, commonly employed in electrochemical devices, were computationally generated and characterized across a porosity range of 0.35–0.85. Structural metrics, including specific surface area, mean pore size, tortuosity, and constrictivity, were quantified and predicted via empirical equations. Transport phenomena, including electrical/thermal conduction, mass diffusion, and permeation, were simulated and quantified using finite-difference and lattice-Boltzmann methods. Results reveal that the properties are significantly governed by both porous morphology and porosity. Empirical correlations that incorporate morphological constants and porosity accurately predict effective properties (e.g., conductivity, diffusivity, and permeability). The proposed morphological constants enable simplified yet accurate predictions of key functional properties, validated against experimental and numerical literature data. This framework provides a practical basis for morphology-driven optimization of porous media across various applications, where simultaneous transport through both solid and pore phases is critical, such as in electrochemistry.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Porous media morphology; Effective transport properties; Kozeny-Carman equation; Bruggeman relation; Lattice Boltzmann method; Flow maldistribution index
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