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Volume 110
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Ding, S., Zheng, Q., Chu, K., Yang, R., & Yu, A. (2026). Effects of friction and cohesion on the pressure dip of granular pile. Particuology, 110, 254-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.020
Effects of friction and cohesion on the pressure dip of granular pile
Shengqiao Ding a b, Qijun Zheng b d *, Kaiwei Chu c, Runyu Yang e, Aibing Yu a b f *
a School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
b Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute, Southeast University, Suzhou, 215123, China
c School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
d Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
e School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
f Centre for Smart Process Engineering, Great Bay University, Dongguan, China
10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.020
Volume 110, March 2026, Pages 254-268
Received 1 December 2025, Revised 7 January 2026, Accepted 15 January 2026, Available online 28 January 2026, Version of Record 4 February 2026.
E-mail: Qijun.Zheng@monash.edu; aibing.yu@gbu.edu.cn
Highlights

• Pressure profile beneath granular piles is measured using load cells and DEM simulations.

• Increasing basal roughness progressively weakens and eventually eliminates the central pressure dip.

• Interparticle cohesion suppresses the pressure dip by altering force transmission within granular piles.


Abstract

The anomalous pressure dip beneath granular piles presents an enduring challenge in granular mechanics, arising from a complex interplay of deposition history and particle properties. This study systematically investigates the roles of basal friction, interparticle cohesion (quantified by the granular Bond number), and particle shape on this phenomenon. Combining load-cell experiments with Discrete Element Method simulations for both spherical and non-spherical clinoptilolite particles, we demonstrate that the pressure dip diminishes and ultimately vanishes as basal roughness increases. This trend is markedly more pronounced for non-spherical particles. Furthermore, while interparticle cohesion significantly increases the angle of repose, it systematically reduces the magnitude of the pressure dip, an effect quantified by a Center Relative Pressure Deviation Ratio. Our findings suggest that the pressure dip emerges under a critical balance between particle rearrangement and stress transmission, underscoring the decisive roles of boundary constraints and bulk flowability.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Pressure dip; Basal friction; Interparticle adhesion; Granular bond number; DEM; Granular pile
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