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Volume 116
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Vortex dynamics and operating window of a single-stage fluidized bed for solid amine CO2 capture: A CFD simulation study
Yao Li a b, Jianqing Hu a, Wanqi Liu b, Wanli Xu b, Qingxu Li b, Yanfang Fan b, Mengxi Liu a b *
a Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, China
b State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
10.1016/j.partic.2026.06.023
Volume 116, September 2026, Pages 139-151
Received 7 April 2026, Revised 17 June 2026, Accepted 22 June 2026, Available online 26 June 2026, Version of Record 3 July 2026.
E-mail: liumx@cup.edu.cn
Highlights

• A single stage fluidized bed improves solid amine carbon dioxide capture performance.

• Flow-adsorption model is reliably validated with a lab-scale fluidized bed.

• Evaluation of vortex structures using the cross-sectional flow non-uniformity index.

• Dual effect of vortex is measured by gas residence time in an open-loop setup.


Abstract

Carbon capture, utilization and storage is widely acknowledged as an indispensable core technology for achieving global temperature control goals. In this study, a single-stage fluidized bed adsorber with an inner diameter of 300 mm was designed. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed to analyze the gas-solid flow characteristics inside the adsorber by monitoring solids holdup and particle velocity. The distributions of the Section Nonuniformity Index for solids holdup and axial gas velocity at different heights were investigated to elucidate the influence of vortex. Furthermore, by incorporating the CO2 adsorption characteristics of solid amine sorbents, a flow model applicable to solid amine adsorption was established, and the adsorption performance of the single-stage fluidized bed under different operating conditions was systematically investigated. The effects of operating conditions on both fluidization behavior and gas-solid contacting were further explored. The results show that vortex enhance gas-solid back-mixing while also causing local gas bypassing; consequently, the gas residence time is jointly affected by these two competing effects. By quantifying the matching degree between the adsorbent and flue gas, the relatively favorable operating conditions within the investigated range was gas velocity of 0.2–0.3 m/s and particle circulation flowrate of 15–22.5 kg/(m2 s). This study provides theoretical support for the design, scale-up, optimization, and operation of industrial-scale multistage fluidized bed adsorbers.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Single-stage fluidized bed; Solid amines; CO2 capture; Numerical simulation
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