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Volume 116
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Coarse-grained CFD-DEM modeling of gas-solid flow in a large-scale circulating fluidized bed riser: Validation and parametric study
Kaiwei Chu a c *, Zhengquan Li b c, Li Ji a, Muhammad Zubair a, Wenrui Wang a, Qijun Zheng c, Yuqing Feng d, Huaqing Ma a *
a School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
b Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Particle Technology, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
c Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
d CSIRO Mineral Resources, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
10.1016/j.partic.2026.06.033
Volume 116, September 2026, Pages 329-339
Received 19 May 2026, Revised 20 June 2026, Accepted 26 June 2026, Available online 8 July 2026, Version of Record 14 July 2026.
E-mail: k.chu@sdu.edu.cn; mhq@sdu.edu.cn
Highlights

• A coarse-grained CFD-DEM model is proposed for industrial-scale CFB riser flows.

• The model can accurately predict pressure gradient, solids velocity, and mass flux.

• The core-annulus flow, solids back-mixing, and particle clustering can be reproduced.

• CG particle size has negligible effect, but high solid loading reduces accuracy.


Abstract

In this paper, a coarse-grained computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CG CFD-DEM) approach is developed for the simulation of gas-solid two-phase flow in an large-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser, where the CG approach servers as a powerful tool to perform large-scale CFD-DEM simulations by avoiding the expensive cost of computing and storing a large number of particles and maintaining the important particle-fluid interaction phenomenon simultaneously. Subsequently, the prediction accuracy of the model is validated against experimental measurements, showing good agreement in axial pressure gradients, solids velocity, and mass flux profile at different radial directions and riser heights across different fluidization regimes. This indicates that the proposed CG CFD-DEM method can satisfactorily reproduce key hydrodynamic properties including solid concentration, back mixing, particle agglomeration, and local velocities of both phases. The influences of solids mass flow rate and particle size on flow structure are also investigated in this paper. Although the discrepancies may become more pronounced at higher solid loadings, the CG CFD-DEM model can remain as a robust and scalable framework for the analysis of the large-scale gas-solid flows in the CFB riser.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Large-scale simulation; Gas-solid flow; Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser; Coarse-grained CFD-DEM
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