En
期刊文章
文章精选
当期目录
过刊浏览
高被引
高下载
特邀文章
专刊合集
待刊文章
Volume 116
您当前的位置：首页 > 期刊文章 > 当期目录 > Volume 116
Research progress on multiphase aerosol processes in heated tobacco products: A review
Qifeng Shen a, Zhonghua Xiao b, Huaquan Sheng c, Xuan Wang c, Lehua Lu c, Yihan Gao c, Naiping Gao a *
a College of Automotive and Energy Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
b College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
c Shanghai New Tobacco Product Research Institute, Shanghai, 201315, China
10.1016/j.partic.2026.06.030
Volume 116, September 2026, Pages 369-395
Received 12 May 2026, Revised 20 June 2026, Accepted 25 June 2026, Available online 2 July 2026, Version of Record 15 July 2026.
E-mail: gaonaiping@tongji.edu.cn
Highlights

• Key models for HTP aerosols, including flow, heat transfer, nucleation, retention, and release, are summarized.

• A review of cigarette rod parameters categorized by sections for their impact on HTP aerosols.

• Heating and puffing parameters are analyzed as key operational factors affecting the release of HTP aerosols.

• Physics-informed AI and operator-learning approaches are discussed for HTP aerosol modeling.

• Uncertainty quantification is highlighted to improve the credibility of HTP aerosol simulations and experiments.


Abstract

The heat-not-burn tobacco products, operating at lower temperatures, have shown potential in reducing the formation of harmful constituents, mitigating environmental emissions, and improving the smoking experience. However, the complex materials and structures of heated tobacco products (HTPs), together with the transient heating and puffing processes, poses significant challenges to the quantitative understanding of aerosol formation, evolution, and retention. This review systematically analyzes 223 publications published since 2015 and summarizes recent advances in HTP aerosol research from numerical and experimental perspectives. From the modeling viewpoint, various section-wise models for the tobacco section, hollow and filter section are critically compared, with emphasis on their capabilities and limitations in capturing key physical and chemical effects. From the experimental perspective, the influencing factors are classified into rod-related parameters and operational parameters, and their effects on aerosol release characteristics are discussed. The analysis reveals that multi-physics and multi-parameter coupling studies remain limited, while experimental data on nucleation and dynamic aerosol evolution are still scarce. This review emphasizes the need for integrated multi-section models that couple precursor release, cooling-induced nucleation, particle growth, and filter retention, while incorporating uncertainty quantification and AI-assisted strategies to support future HTP aerosol research and product optimization.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Aerosol; HTP; Numerical simulation; Experimental measurement; Cigarette rod parameters; Operational parameters
文章导读