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Volume 118
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Two-dimensional PR-DNS of cellulose pyrolysis: Parametric and two-particle interaction studies (Open Access)
Riem Al-Hamadi a *, Abouelmagd Abdelsamie a b, Cheng Chi a, Gábor Janiga a, Dominique Thévenin a
a Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, 39106, Germany
b Capital University, Cairo, 11311, Egypt
10.1016/j.partic.2026.08.036
Volume 118, November 2026, Pages 289-304
Received 31 May 2026, Revised 22 July 2026, Accepted 24 August 2026, Available online 11 September 2026, Version of Record 18 September 2026.
E-mail: riem.al-hamadi@ovgu.de
Highlights

• PR-DNS captures flow–heat–reaction coupling in cellulose pyrolysis.

• Higher temperature enhances heat transfer and formation of light products.

• Inflow velocity shows minor impact on product distributions.

• Side-by-side particles exhibit nearly symmetric behavior.

• Vertical stacking reduces downstream heating and alters product formation.


Abstract

Biomass pyrolysis is a key thermochemical pathway for sustainable energy production, converting organic matter into biochar, bio-oil, and pyrolytic gases. Its multiscale and multiphysics nature complicates experiments and motivates high-fidelity numerical modeling. This work extends our particle-resolved Direct Numerical Simulation (PR-DNS) framework by incorporating a semi-detailed cellulose pyrolysis mechanism derived from chemical reaction neural networks (CRNN), enabling fully resolved simulations of coupled flow, heat transfer, mass transfer, and cellulose conversion. The resulting framework, implemented in our in-house code DINO, is employed to investigate early-stage cellulose pyrolysis (up to 10 ms) through systematic parametric and two-particle interaction studies in two dimensions. Elevated fluid temperatures intensify convective heat transfer and promote the formation of lighter products. Increasing inflow velocity enhances convective transport but reduces residence time, resulting in only weak variations in surface-averaged product mass fractions within the investigated range. Two-particle simulations reveal pronounced interaction effects: Side-by-side configurations show nearly symmetric behavior, whereas vertically stacked particles exhibit wake shielding effects in the two-dimensional flow field, reducing heat transfer to the downstream particle and modifying local species distributions. These findings provide mechanistic insight into particle-scale flow–heat–chemistry coupling during cellulose pyrolysis and demonstrate the importance of explicitly resolving interparticle interactions.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Biomass pyrolysis; PR-DNS; Renewable energy; Surface reactions; Pyrolytic gas production
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