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Volume 118
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Deformation and fragmentation of wet agglomerates in head-on collisions: A DEM study
Jiliang Ma *, Jialiang Cai, Xiaoping Chen, Daoyin Liu, Cai Liang
Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
10.1016/j.partic.2026.09.013
Volume 118, November 2026, Pages 432-441
Received 14 June 2026, Revised 1 September 2026, Accepted 20 September 2026, Available online 22 September 2026, Version of Record 25 September 2026.
E-mail: jlma@seu.edu.cn
Highlights

• Head-on fragmentation of two wet agglomerates was studied.

• Liquid bridge evolution controls collision-induced structural failure.

• Impact velocity dominates fragment generation and contact network decay.

• Liquid bridges enhance cohesion and increase resistance to agglomerate breakup.

• High-impact collisions produce smaller, less compact fragments.


Abstract

Impact-induced fragmentation of wet agglomerates plays a critical role in wet gas-solid flows, yet the collision-induced fragmentation behavior of wet agglomerates remains insufficiently understood. In this study, the head-on collisional breakage behavior of wet agglomerates was systematically investigated using DEM simulation under varying impact velocities and liquid contents. The results reveal a distinctive breakage pathway accompanied by the coupled evolution of liquid bridges and particle contact networks, involving transient merging, deformation, crack propagation, and fragment dispersion. Increasing liquid content strengthens inter-particle cohesion through liquid bridge interactions, reduces structural damage, and enhances the resistance of wet agglomerates to fragmentation. Impact velocity is identified as the dominant factor controlling liquid bridge rupture, contact network degradation, and fragment generation, whereas higher liquid contents significantly improve resistance to breakage. Furthermore, a relationship between collision intensity and post-breakage fragment structure is established, showing that both the radius of gyration and fractal dimension decrease with increasing impact velocity. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of wet agglomerate fragmentation and offer theoretical guidance for controlling particle agglomeration in wet gas-solid systems.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Wet agglomerates; Head-on collision; Fragmentation; DEM; Fractal dimension
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