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Volume 110
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Bellosta von Colbe, J. M., Benz, H. U., Zoz, H., Jepsen, J., Taube, K., Dornheim, M., & Klassen, T. (2026). Transient bimodal effects in the in-line particle size measurement during milling of solid state materials. Particuology, 110, 280-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.026
Transient bimodal effects in the in-line particle size measurement during milling of solid state materials
José M. Bellosta von Colbe a *, Hans Ulrich Benz b, Henning Zoz b, Julian Jepsen a c, Klaus Taube a, Martin Dornheim a 1, Thomas Klassen a c
a Helmholtz Zentrum hereon GmbH, Max-Planck Str. 1, Geesthacht, 21502, Germany
b Zoz GmbH, Maltoz-Straße, Wenden, 57482, Germany
c Helmut Schmidt University, Holstenhofweg 85, Hamburg, 22043, Germany
10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.026
Volume 110, March 2026, Pages 280-285
Received 10 June 2025, Revised 10 December 2025, Accepted 19 December 2025, Available online 20 January 2026, Version of Record 5 February 2026.
E-mail: jose.bellostavoncolbe@hereon.de
Highlights

• A setup to measure the particle size of solid powder materials during milling was designed, built and successfully tested.

• The particle size during milling showed an unexpected evolution from a monomodal to a transient bi-modal distribution density.

• A solution for the return of analyzed powder to the mill was explored.


Abstract

For the processing or synthesis of solid state materials, ball milling has proven to be an effective method. However, due to the continuous agitation, the process is not suited for in-situ measurement techniques. In this work, a system for the in-line particle size measurement during milling has been developed and tested. The results show that milling of a sample with a certain mean particle size results in the production of a bimodal size distribution before a final product with the smaller particle size is produced. Moreover, a much faster than expected reduction in size was achieved, whose time evolution could otherwise only be followed by wasteful and time-consuming specimen analysis in intervals. In conclusion, in-line particle size measurement during milling is a promising technique to optimize the processing time or obtain a product powder in a certain condition.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Particle size measurement; Laser scattering; MillingIn-line measurement; Scale up; Hydride
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