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Volume 111
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Preparation of micron-nano coal particles by wet grinding in methanol
Fenghao Jiang a, Biao Hu a, Xusheng Zhang a, Yifan Zhang a, Shunxuan Hu b, Junguo Li b, Changning Wu b c *, Ke Liu a b *
a Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
b School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
c Beijing Petrochemical Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100107, China
10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.028
Volume 111, April 2026, Pages 38-49
Received 16 December 2025, Revised 24 January 2026, Accepted 28 January 2026, Available online 3 February 2026, Version of Record 11 February 2026.
E-mail: wucn@sustech.edu.cn; liuk@sustech.edu.cn
Highlights

• Wet grinding in methanol produced micro-to nanoscale coal particles.

• Comminution limit was not reached, despite submicron products.

• Stress-induced amorphization progressively damaged the crystalline structure.

• Aromatics rings were cleavaged and rearranged under continuous high-energy stress.

• Methanol-derived surface solvation shells suppressed particle agglomeration.


Abstract

Limited by comminution limit, the top-down method is a time-consuming and high energy demands process to produce ultrafine and submicron coal. The feasibility of the wet grinding in methanol was probed, and the breakage mechanism was investigated from the macroscopic, microstructure, crystal, and molecular perspectives in this study. The results show that at 35 min grinding time, the coal’s d50 size decreased from 23.20 to 1.60 μm. Therefore, wet grinding in methanol is an efficient method to produce ultrafine coal. Moreover, with the increase of grinding time, the BET specific surface area of the sample increase, indicating that the comminution limit is not reached. Moreover, the characteristic diffraction peak intensity of kaolinite, amorphous carbon, quartz, and calcite of the sample decrease until they completely disappear due to destroy the crystal structure by the unstable energy on the lattice surface. The aromatics rings are cleaved and rearranged to form aromatic rings with radicals in continuous high-energy stress. The methanol was grafted onto the aromatic rings with radicals. The methanol shell may be easily built on the outside of coal particles due to increasing these side chains with compatibility with methanol. The agglomeration of particles is hindered, and thus the ultrafine grinding is promoted.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Wet grinding; Methanol; Ultrafine coal particle; Breakage mechanism
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