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Volume 111
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Comprehensive study of cyclone separator performance under non-uniform flow: Correlation proposal
Javad Vaziri Naeen Nejad, Saeid Kheradmand *, Pouria Khalili AtaAbadi
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology (MUT), P.O Box 83145/115, Shahin Shahr, Isfahan, Iran
10.1016/j.partic.2026.02.009
Volume 111, April 2026, Pages 105-119
Received 30 November 2025, Revised 6 January 2026, Accepted 3 February 2026, Available online 12 February 2026, Version of Record 17 February 2026.
E-mail: kheradmand@mut-es.ac.ir; saeid_kheradmand@yahoo.com
Highlights

• Non-uniform flow applied to boundaries simulates actual operating conditions.

• Taguchi method and LES analyzed the effects of five oscillation variables.

• New dimensionless correlations predicted non-uniform flow performance.

• The absolute value of pressure increases with increasing the phase angle.

• The lead phase mode increases the efficiency compared to the lag phase mode. 


Abstract

In the present study, to simulate actual operating conditions, the flow boundaries of a cyclone separator are subjected to fluctuations caused by internal combustion engine oscillation. The Large Eddy Simulation and Discrete Phase Model (DPM) are used for air and particles. Using Taguchi Design of Experiment (DoE), the effect of five variables, including oscillation boundary type, phase lag and lead, phase angle, excitation frequency, and inlet velocity on the cyclone flow field, pressure drop, and efficiency is investigated by 18 proposed cases. Under excitation of only the inlet boundary flow, the Power Spectrum Density (PSD) of the pressure in the cone region is much higher than that of the vortex finder. However, in the case of oscillation of outlet boundaries, the PSD of the vortex finder is more than that of the cone. The lowest phase angle in the lead mode, lower excitation frequency, and lower inlet velocity are optimal modes for minimizing the PSD of pressure in the cone. The PSD increases in outlet boundary oscillation modes with increasing the phase angle in both the lag and lead modes. Dimensionless parameters and correlations under non-uniform flow are extracted for PSD, pressure drop, and efficiency. The optimal cyclone performance for non-uniform conditions is also introduced.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Cyclone; Oscillating boundary; Correlation; Phase angle; Taguchi method
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