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Volume 112
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Porous particles enhance particle-scale agitation for efficient fluidization and heat transfer
Yiming Xu a b c d, Yangfan Xu a b c d, Ziyuan Li a b c d, Xibo Liu a b c d, Chenlong Duan a b c d *, Chenyang Zhou a b c d *
a Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
b International Joint Laboratory of Minerals Efficient Processing and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Xuzhou, 221116, China
c Jiangsu International University Cooperation Laboratory of Resource Low Carbon Processing & Utilization, Xuzhou, 221116, China
d School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
10.1016/j.partic.2026.02.032
Volume 112, May 2026, Pages 123-136
Received 11 December 2025, Revised 14 February 2026, Accepted 23 February 2026, Available online 13 March 2026, Version of Record 19 March 2026.
E-mail: clduan@cumt.edu.cn; zhoucy@cumt.edu.cn
Highlights

• Pressure fluctuation characteristics of porous and solid particles were studied.

• Particle-scale agitation in fluidized bed was enhanced by porous structure.

• Porous particles brought more stable heat transfer compared with solid particles.


Abstract

Because of the internal seepage channel, the energy cascade is altered within the fluidized beds of porous particles, yet their physical theory is often interpreted ambiguously. Here, dense particles (SA) and porous particles (PA) with comparable size and apparent density in a heated bubbling fluidized bed are compared, focusing on pressure-drop fluctuations and bed-scale thermal response. Under identical superficial gas velocities, PA shows a lower sensitivity of mean pressure drop to gas velocity. Power spectral density (PSD) analysis reveals a clear spectral energy redistribution. While a distinct low-frequency peak remains, the relative contribution of coherent bubbling components is weakened and mid-to-high-frequency incoherent components are enhanced, indicating intensified particle-scale agitation and localized unsteady interactions associated with permeation/discharge. A critical frequency fc is determined by segmented fitting in low- and high-frequency regions, providing a practical separation between coherent and incoherent contributions. To connect hydrodynamics with thermal performance, we further measure packed-bed thermal properties and fluidized-bed heating curves at 60 and 90 °C. Despite poorer intrinsic conductive/thermal-diffusive properties for PA in the packed state, PA exhibits a markedly faster heating response under fluidization, suggesting that structure–hydrodynamics coupling dominates the thermal enhancement rather than material conductivity alone.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Porous particle fluidization; Pressure fluctuation characteristics; Particle-scale agitation; Heat transfer enhancement
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