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Volume 112
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Hydrodynamics of a draft-tube spout–fluid bed with a hydraulic barrier: Minimum spouting velocity, flow regimes, and solids circulation
Katarina Šućurović a *, Darko Jaćimovski a, Danica Brzić b, Mihal Đuriš a, Zorana Arsenijević a, Tatjana Kaluđerović Radoičić b, Nevenka Bošković Vragolović b
a Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
b Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
10.1016/j.partic.2026.03.006
Volume 112, May 2026, Pages 209-221
Received 27 January 2026, Revised 26 February 2026, Accepted 4 March 2026, Available online 19 March 2026, Version of Record 24 March 2026.
E-mail: katarina.sucurovic@ihtm.bg.ac.rs
Highlights

• Flow regimes, minimum spouting velocity (Ums) and particle mass flow rate in DTSFB with hydraulic barrier were determined.

• Four flow regimes identified at different spouting and aeration fluid flow rates.

• Hydraulic barrier reduces the influence of the aeration fluid on Ums.

• A new correlation for Ums is proposed for systems with a hydraulic barrier.

• A modified correlation for the dimensionless particle–wall friction factor is proposed.


Abstract

The Draft Tube Spout-Fluid Bed (DTSFB) with a hydraulic barrier represents an advanced modification designed to minimize gas bypass and prevent mixing of spouting and aeration gas streams. Experimental tests on flow regime, minimum spouting velocity (Ums), and particle mass flow rate (Gp) were conducted in a cylindrical column with a diameter of 115 mm, using glass particles and air as the spouting and aeration fluids. Four flow regimes were visually identified at different spouting and aeration fluid flow rates: draft tube clogging, intermittent spouting, stable spouting with aeration, and bubble formation in the annulus. The effects of operating conditions and geometric parameters on the flow regimes, minimum spouting velocity, and particle mass flow rate were analyzed. The results showed that, due to the hydraulic barrier, the aeration fluid flow rate had a limited effect on Ums over a wide range of operating conditions, with a noticeable decrease only at high aeration fluid flow rates. A new correlation for calculating Ums is proposed, yielding an average relative deviation of 4.18%. In addition, a modified correlation for the dimensionless particle–wall friction factor is proposed, enabling reliable prediction of the particle mass flow rate.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Spout-fluid bed; Hydraylic barrier; Solid circulation; Flow regimes
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