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Volume 112
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Drag and lift on two-dimensional super-elliptical particles in low-Reynolds-number flows
Qinghua Li a, Zhenyu Ouyang b, Xiaoke Ku a c *
a Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
b China Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo, 315201, China
c State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
10.1016/j.partic.2026.03.007
Volume 112, May 2026, Pages 247-259
Received 27 November 2025, Revised 28 February 2026, Accepted 4 March 2026, Available online 19 March 2026, Version of Record 26 March 2026.
E-mail: xiaokeku@zju.edu.cn
Highlights

• Drag and lift coefficients of two-dimensional super-elliptical particles are studied.

• Effects of particle aspect ratio and shape factor are analyzed.

• Effects of angle of attack and particle Reynolds number are also explored.

• Representative functional forms for lift and drag coefficients are identified and fitted.


Abstract

This study investigates the hydrodynamic forces acting on two-dimensional super-elliptical particles in low-Reynolds-number flows using the lattice Boltzmann method. The effects of particle aspect ratio, shape factor, angle of attack, and particle Reynolds number on the drag and lift coefficients are systematically analyzed. The drag and lift coefficients averaged over the angle of attack are defined as the mean drag coefficient and mean lift coefficient, respectively. The results reveal that the mean drag coefficient increases with increasing aspect ratio and decreasing shape factor and particle Reynolds number, and the variation trends of the mean lift coefficient are generally consistent with those of the mean drag coefficient. Moreover, the shape of the drag coefficient-angle of attack curve is primarily governed by the shape factor and aspect ratio, leading to five distinct curve types. In contrast, the shape of the lift coefficient-angle of attack curve is also influenced by the particle Reynolds number, resulting in four curve types. In total, seven representative functional forms for the drag and lift coefficients are identified and fitted, offering correlations for future applications.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Super-elliptical particles; Drag coefficient; Lift coefficient; Low-Reynolds-number flow
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