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Volume 113
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Effect of particle shape on the gravity and magnetic separation of wollastonite from pyroxene group minerals
Nazlım İlkyaz Dinç a, Tülay Türk a, Jean-Luc Marchand b, Ugur Ulusoy c, Fırat Burat a *
a Mineral Processing Engineering Department, TRecycle Research Group, Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Mines, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Türkiye
b Saint Gobain, 12 place de l’Iris, 92096, La Défense Cedex, France
c Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Türkiye
10.1016/j.partic.2026.03.031
Volume 113, June 2026, Pages 312-323
Received 7 January 2026, Revised 13 February 2026, Accepted 26 March 2026, Available online 3 April 2026, Version of Record 9 April 2026.
E-mail: buratf@itu.edu.tr
Highlights

• Gravity and wet magnetic separation behavior are significantly influenced by particle shape.

• Wollastonite that resembles a needle preferentially reports to non-magnetic and light products.

• Particles of equant pyroxene concentrate in magnetic and heavy products.

• Wet magnetic separation concentrate produced 71.8% wollastonite and 0.79% Fe2O3.

• Selectivity and separation efficiency can be enhanced by shape-controlled grinding.


Abstract

Wollastonite is widely used as a reinforcing filler in glass and ceramic applications due to its alkali-free composition, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and needle-like morphology, which enhance mechanical strength, dimensional stability, and thermal resistance. Its suitability is also related to its high CaO and SiO2 contents and low levels of volatile impurities. This study evaluates the beneficiation performance of shaking table and wet magnetic separation, with particular emphasis on particle shape in addition to particle size, density, and magnetic susceptibility. Shaking table tests increased wollastonite content from 52.1% in the run-of-mine ore to 60.8% in the coarse light product and 75.5% in the fine light product, while reducing Fe2O3 to 1.37% and 1.01%, respectively. Wet magnetic separation further improved concentrate quality, producing a non-magnetic product containing 71.8% wollastonite with a reduced Fe2O3 content of 0.79%. Quantitative particle shape analysis based on aspect ratio and roundness revealed that elongated, needle-like particles preferentially reported to light and non-magnetic products, whereas more equant particles concentrated in heavy and magnetic fractions. These findings highlight the influence of morphology-driven separation behavior and indicate that controlling particle shape through appropriate grinding strategies can improve selectivity and support high-purity wollastonite production.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Wollastonite; Particle shape; Shaking table; Wet magnetic separation; Gravity separation; Ceramic and glass raw materials
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