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Volume 114
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Core–shell engineering of energetic ammonium nitrate salts for enhanced moisture resistance and stability
Yanwen Ding a, Xiuyan Tao a, Xunjian Zhang a, Zhenbiao Liu a, Xiao Xu a, Xu Jia a b *
a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
b China National Quality Inspection and Testing Center for Industrial Explosive Materials, Nanjing, 210094, China
10.1016/j.partic.2026.03.034
Volume 114, July 2026, Pages 1-9
Received 8 January 2026, Revised 17 February 2026, Accepted 26 March 2026, Available online 3 April 2026, Version of Record 10 April 2026.
E-mail: jiaxu@njust.edu.cn
Highlights

• A core-shell strategy using a PMMA-BA copolymer coating effectively suppresses moisture absorption in ammonium nitrate salts.

• Moisture absorption rates of AN and ADN decreased from 27.30% to 16.57% to just 5.95% and 4.66%, respectively.

• The copolymer shell enhances surface hydrophobicity, thermal stability, and friction resistance without lowering energy density.

• This method provides a simple, universal route to improve storage stability and application potential of hygroscopic energetic oxidizers.


Abstract

Ammonium nitrate salts represent an important class of energetic oxidizers. However, they are highly prone to moisture absorption, which creates difficulties for long-term storage and thus severely limits their application value. In this study, a moisture inhibition strategy was proposed by constructing a core-shell structure via copolymer surface coating. The commonly used ammonium nitrate (AN) and ammonium dinitramide (ADN) were selected as research objects, and a copolymer coating (PMMA-BA) was formed on their surfaces using methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA). Through surface coating and isolation treatment, AN and ADN with high moisture absorption inhibition performance were successfully prepared. The results show that the moisture absorption of the energetic microspheres with a special core-shell structure is effectively suppressed after surface modification. The moisture absorption rates of AN@PMMA-BA and ADN@PMMA-BA are reduced from 27.30% to 16.57% to 5.95% and 4.66%, respectively. This confirms that the copolymer surface coating can effectively inhibit the moisture absorption of ammonium nitrate salts, providing a new approach to extend their storage life and enhance their application potential.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Ammonium nitrate salt; Moisture absorption inhibition; Core-shell structure; Copolymer coating
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