En
期刊文章
文章精选
当期目录
过刊浏览
高被引
高下载
特邀文章
专刊合集
待刊文章
Volume 114
您当前的位置：首页 > 期刊文章 > 过刊浏览 > Volumes 108-119 (2025) > Volume 114
Evolution of the layering structure in dense liquid-particle flows down an inclined rough channel
Pengfei Lv a, Jiajun Jiao a, Yuxin Tian a, Qingquan Liu a, Xiaoliang Wang a b c *
a School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
b Institute of Large Structures for Advanced Industrial Equipment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519088, China
c State Key Laboratory of Environment Characteristics and Effects for Near-space, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
10.1016/j.partic.2026.04.005
Volume 114, July 2026, Pages 86-100
Received 5 December 2025, Revised 15 March 2026, Accepted 7 April 2026, Available online 18 April 2026, Version of Record 24 April 2026.
E-mail: wangxiaoliang36@bit.edu.cn
Highlights

• Refractive index matching enables internal visualization of dense granular flows.

• Three layering flows are observed: ordered friction, disordered friction, collision.

• Two layers collapse to one at low inclination, but persist at high inclination.

• Layering evolution is governed by a stress framework based on shear-normal balance.


Abstract

Dense liquid-particle flows are common in natural and industrial settings, yet their internal dynamics remain poorly understood. Under conditions of high particle concentration and strong particle–fluid coupling, these flows exhibit pronounced layering and temporal evolution. In this study, refractive index matching combined with particle tracking velocimetry (RIM-PTV) is employed in an inclined channel to directly visualize internal structures at two representative inclinations. Particle concentration, velocity, shear rate, and granular temperature are measured and reconstructed, revealing that the flow evolves through four stages: front, quasi-steady, fluctuation, and decline. Inclination strongly influences layering evolution. At low inclination, the flow gradually transitions from a dual-layer structure of ordered friction flow beneath disordered friction flow to a single-layer ordered friction structure during the fluctuation stage, with the upper layer collapsing under near-critical frictional conditions. At high inclination, a dual-layer structure of basal collision flow beneath disordered friction flow persists throughout. A stress-based analysis, using the effective friction coefficient and inertial number, reveals that the evolution is governed by the competition between shear driving and normal compression, which determine the persistence or collapse of layering structures. These results provide experimentally resolved evidence for stage-wise layering evolution in dense liquid-particle flows and establish a benchmark for developing predictive rheological and dynamical models.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Dense liquid-particle flow; Refractive index matching; Flow evolution; Layering structure
文章导读