Volume 114
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Mechanical behavior of non-spherical particle liquid bridge based on equivalent morphology
Yifan Su a b, Renhe Li a b, Fan Yang a b, Ziyang Yu a b, Zongsheng Sun a b, Yadong Zhang a b, Hongxiang Xu c, Bo Zhang a b *
a Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
b Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Clean Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
c School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
10.1016/j.partic.2026.04.006
Volume 114, July 2026, Pages 207-221
Received 20 November 2025, Revised 2 April 2026, Accepted 8 April 2026, Available online 19 April 2026, Version of Record 8 May 2026.
E-mail: zhangbocumt@126.com; bzhang@cumt.edu.cn

Highlights

• Construct equivalent non-spherical particles to study liquid bridge breakage.

• Particle size and liquid bridge volume influence liquid bridge fracture.

• Solid–liquid contact area governs the magnitude of liquid bridge force.

• Liquid bridge fracture is dictated by edge effects and contact angle hysteresis.


Abstract

This study investigates liquid bridge force and fracture behavior in non-spherical wet particles using four equivalent morphological models (ellipsoid, cuboid, oblate cylinder, prolate cylinder) to represent coal particles. The effects of particle size, liquid volume, immersion depth, and kaolinite suspension were examined. Results show that increasing particle size from 3 mm to 9 mm raises the maximum liquid bridge force of cuboid particles from 520.38 μN to 11,275.30 μN. Peak forces occur at liquid volumes of 1–5 μL, with cuboid particles exhibiting the largest variation (1328.87 μN). Greater immersion depth extends fracture distance by up to 25% but minimally affects peak force. In kaolinite suspensions, fracture distance stabilizes at 6 mm while data dispersion increases. The solid–liquid contact area dominates the liquid bridge force, and fracture is controlled by edge effects and contact angle hysteresis. These findings aid optimization of non-spherical wet particle separation.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Liquid bridge; Non-spherical particles; Equivalent morphology; Clay minerals; Fracture mechanism