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Volume 115
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Effect of rotational motion on inertial migration of a neutrally buoyant rigid sphere in circular Poiseuille flow
Weile Luo a, Fengxian Fan a b *
a School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
10.1016/j.partic.2026.05.013
Volume 115, August 2026, Pages 228-237
Received 12 February 2026, Revised 24 April 2026, Accepted 12 May 2026, Available online 1 June 2026, Version of Record 9 June 2026.
E-mail: fanfengxian@usst.edu.cn
Highlights

• Fully resolved CFD–DEM simulations reveal rotation effects on inertial migration.

• Suppressing rotation consistently shifts equilibrium position toward pipe centerline.

• Migration dynamics alteration due to rotation suppression depends on initial position.

• Non-rotating spheres remain in monotonic regime, unlike freely rotating spheres.

• Suppressing rotation increases entry length required for full inertial migration.


Abstract

Inertial migration of a neutrally buoyant rigid sphere in circular Poiseuille flow is strongly affected by particle rotation, yet its role remains poorly understood. This study employs three-dimensional fully-resolved CFD–DEM simulations to investigate inertial migration with and without particle rotation. The model is validated against experimental equilibrium radial positions. Simulation results reveal that suppressing rotation consistently shifts the equilibrium radial position toward the pipe centerline, but rotation's effect on the migration dynamics depends on the sphere's initial radial position. When rotation is suppressed, radial migration accelerates for the sphere released near the pipe wall, whereas radial migration slows for the sphere released closer to the centerline. While the freely rotating spheres experience a transition between different migration regimes as the sphere-to-pipe diameter ratio or the fluid Reynolds number increases, non-rotating spheres remain in the monotonic regime since they stabilize closer to the pipe centerline where both shear-gradient and wall-induced lift forces vanish. Moreover, suppressing rotation increases the entry length required for the sphere to achieve full migration. This study elucidates how particle rotation affects inertial migration and offers new insights into rotation-modulated lateral migration in microfluidics.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Particle-laden flow; CFD–DEM; Inertial migration; Microfluidics
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