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Volume 117
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Numerical study on solar-driven biomass gasification in a novel dual fluidized bed using particle heat carriers
Zhang Bai, Binzhong Xi, Xiaoli Zhu *, Chuangchuang Ding, Xiao Ren, Pengcheng Dai, Liqiang Zhang
College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
10.1016/j.partic.2026.08.011
Volume 117, October 2026, Pages 488-501
Received 27 May 2026, Revised 19 July 2026, Accepted 11 August 2026, Available online 14 August 2026, Version of Record 22 August 2026.
E-mail: zhuxiaoli@upc.edu.cn
Highlights

• A novel solar-driven dual fluidized bed system with particle heat carriers is proposed for biomass gasification.

• Continuous circulation of particle heat carriers enables efficient heat transfer between the solar absorber and gasifier.

• CPFD simulations reveal coupled gas-solid flow behavior and thermochemical conversion characteristics.

• Optimal syngas performance is achieved at S/B = 1.0 and a biomass particle size of 350 μm.

• Maximum syngas quality reaches LHVgas of 7.2 MJ/Nm3 with a cold gas efficiency of up to 0.80.


Abstract

Biomass, as a renewable and carbon-neutral energy source, provides a promising pathway to mitigate the intermittency of solar energy when coupled with high-temperature solar thermal technologies. To address localized surface overheating caused by direct solar irradiation, this study proposes a novel dual fluidized bed system comprising a solar absorber and a biomass gasifier. Heat transfer between the two reactors is facilitated by the continuous circulation of particle heat carriers, enabling efficient delivery of high-temperature solar energy to the endothermic biomass gasification process. The multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method was employed to investigate the gas-solid flow behavior within the dual fluidized bed and the effects of operating parameters on gasification performance. Simulation results demonstrate effective circulation of particle heat carriers between the two reactors, with a circulation flux of 0.08 kg/s, ensuring efficient heat transfer from the solar absorber to the gasifier. As the steam-to-biomass mass ratio (S/B) increases from 0.6 to 1.4, the mole fractions of H2 and CO reach their maxima at S/B = 1.0, where the syngas lower heating value (LHVgas) is 7.2 MJ/Nm3 and the cold gas efficiency (CGE) reaches 0.79. For biomass particle sizes ranging from 300 to 500 μm, optimal syngas composition is achieved at 350 μm, yielding the highest H2 and CO concentrations, with an LHVgas of 6.72 MJ/Nm3 and a CGE of 0.80. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the design and operational optimization of solar-driven biomass gasification systems based on dual fluidized bed reactors.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Solar utilization; Biomass gasification; Dual fluidized bed reactor; Particle heat carrier; MP-PIC simulation
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